船用换热器的失效分析与优化设计

Failure Analysis and Optimization Design of Marine Heat Exchanger

针对铜制换热器在岛礁盐雾环境下的腐蚀泄漏问题,利用光学和扫描显微镜对铜管进行了抽样检测,利用原子吸收分光光度计和离子色谱仪等对换热器内水源进行酸碱性检测。通过检测,发现其腐蚀原因是由于铜材存在普遍内生性缺陷,该类缺陷扩大形成裂纹进而导致泄漏。针对该问题对换热器结构、管道设计、冷源等提出了相应的改进措施,并且在模拟真实环境的情况下,通过试验对改良前后换热器的内外表面进行模拟腐蚀。综合对比试验数据表明:改进方案耐腐蚀性较好,能较好地满足设计要求。

With regard to corrosion and leakage of copper heat exchanger in the environment of reef salt fog, the copper tube was sampled by optical microscope and scanning electron microsope, and the water source of the heat exchanger was detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometer and ion chromatograph. Results showed that the corrosion reason was found to be the universal internal defects of the copper materials, which was enlarged to fol^n cracks and further led to the leakage. In order to solve this problem, the heat exchanger structure, pipeline design, cold source and other targeted improvements were conducted. At the same time, in the simulated environment, the surface simulated corrosion before and after the improvement of the heat exchanger inside and outside was carried out for comparison. After comprehensive comparison of test data, the improved scheme was proved to have better corrosion resistance and met the design requirements.