无刷直流电机理想换相位置的理论及实验研究

Theoretical and experimental research on the commutation position of brushless direct current motors

无刷直流电机的设计与运行参数均会影响其理想换相位置,而换相的超前或者滞后均会引起控制效率的降低。为了分析电机参数对理想换相位置的影响,通过对称性边界条件建立了无刷直流电机的稳态电流数学模型。在稳态数学模型的基础上,根据理想换相位置与d轴电流的关系,进一步建立了通过最优化算法寻找理想换相位置的仿真系统。最后,通过实验电流波形与仿真电流波形的对比验证了仿真模型的准确性,并且对理想换相位置随电机内感、内阻、电气时间常数、转速和负载变化的规律进行了系统的研究。

The design and operation parameters of the brushless direct current（ BLDC） motor have significant influences on the ideal commutation position,whose leading or delay lag will cause the decrease of the efficiency. To analyze the influences of the parameters on the ideal commutation position,this paper presents a steady state current equations of BLDC motors based on the symmetric boundary conditions. By maximizing the current of d-axis,the ideal commutation position is numerically solved obtained using the optimization method. To verify the theoretical analysis,the simulation results are compared with the experimental current waveforms. In the end,a series of simulation and experiments are conducted to analyze the change of ideal commutation position along with inductance,resistance,electric time constant,speed and load.