外泌体在疾病实验诊断和临床治疗中的研究进展

Research Progress of Exosome in the Laboratory Diagnosis and Clinic Treatment of Disease

外泌体是一种分泌囊泡,广泛分布于血液、尿液等几乎所有体液中,无创易获取,其内包含有丰富的miRNA及蛋白质成分,可敏感的反映来源细胞的生理病理状态,分析外泌体的基因芯片和蛋白质谱可以为疾病筛查和实验诊断提供依据。另外,外泌体在肿瘤治疗方面也具有很好的应用前景。它可用作基因和治疗药物运载的良好载体,靶向运送和抑制肿瘤,也可在人为上调特定分子的表达后增强机体的抗肿瘤免疫,还有被开发成肿瘤疫苗的潜质。该文就血液和尿液来源的外泌体中miRNA和蛋白质组分在人体各个系统疾病实验诊断方面的相关研究以及外泌体在疾病临床治疗尤其是肿瘤治疗中的研究进展作如下综述。

The exosome is a kind of secretory vesicles,and widely distributed in almost all body fluids such as blood and urine,so it can easily be obtained noninvasively.The exosome which is rich in miRNA and proteins can sensitively reflect the physiological and pathological state of its source cells,the analysis of gene and protein in the exosome can provide the basis for screening and experimental diagnosis of diseases.In addition,exosomes have a good application prospect in tumor treatment.It can be used as a good carrier of genes and drug,targeting delivery and inhibiting tumor,and it can enhance the human anti-tumor immunity after artificially raised the expression of specific molecular,and it can also be developed into a potential tumor vaccine.This article summarizes the research progress of mi RNA and protein in exosomes from human blood and urine in experimental diagnosis of various diseases and exosomes in clinical treatment of diseases,especially in tumor treatment.