流感样患者与流感病毒监测结果分析

Monitoring of influenza-like patients and influenza virus

目的分析流感样患者监测与流感病原学监测结果,为预防流感集中暴发、制定相关防疫策略提供客观依据。方法选取2014年1月-2016年12月医院流感样患者3 202例,统计2014-2016年期间流感样患者监测概况及流感病原学监测情况。观察比较不同性别、年龄患者的流感病毒鉴定结果。结果 3 202例流感样患者中,共监测到流感病毒阳性标本为298例,阳性率为9.31%;流感样患者就诊率具有季节性,各季度间,流感样患者就诊率差异有统计学意义(χ~2=31.468,P<0.001);第二、三季度就诊率均低于第一、四季度(P<0.05);流感病毒种类鉴定结果与性别、年龄有一定相关性:男性A(H3)、BY检出率高于女性(P<0.05),女性A(H1)、BV检出率高于男性(P<0.05);在各亚型流感病毒均以0~岁组为主,5~岁组高发流感主要集中在BV型和A(新甲H1)型,15~岁组以A(H1)型为主,25~岁组以BY型为主,60~岁组中各亚型检出率均较低。结论流感样患者的发病存在明显的季节差异,流感病毒种类分布有明显的年龄、性别差异。流感病毒毒株检出高峰同流感样患者流行高峰基本相同。

OBJECTIVE To analyze the surveillance of influenza-like patients and the monitoring results of influenza pathogenicity,so as to provide an objective basis for the prevention of influenza outbreak and formulation of relevant epidemic prevention strategies.METHODS 3202 cases of influenza-like patients from Jan.2014 to Dec.2016 in the hospital were selected as subjects.The surveillance of influenza-like patients and the monitoring results of influenza pathogenicity were analyzed.The results of influenza virus identification in patients of different genders and ages were observed and compared.RESULTS Among the 3202 cases of influenza-like cases,there were 298 cases of influenza virus positive samples,with a positive rate of 9.31%.The hospital visit rate of influenza-like cases was obviously seasonal,and there was a significant difference in the proportion of influenza-like cases in each quarter（χ^2=31.468,P〈0.001）.And the hospital visit rates in the second and third quarters were significantly lower than those in the first and fourth quarters（P〈0.05）.There was a certain correlation between the identification results of influenza virus and gender and age：male A（H3）and BY had a significantly higher detection rate than women（P〈0.05）.Female A（H1）and BV had a significantly higher detection rate than men（P〈0.05）.At the age of 0,the proportion of influenza virus in each subtype was higher than those in other groups,and the 5-year old group was mainly concentrated in the BV type and A（new H1）type.The 15-year-olds showed higher proportion of the A（H1）type.The 25-year-olds showed higher proportion of the BY type.The detection rates of all subtypes in the 60-year old group were relatively low.CONCLUSION There are obvious seasonal differences in the incidence of influenza-like cases,and there is an obvious age and gender difference in the distribution of influenza virus.The peak of influenza virus strain detection is basically the same as that of influenza-like cases.