日本在东北农牧业科研推广机构的建立与变迁(1909-1945)——基于满铁资料的考察

Foundation and Transition of Japanese Scientific Research and Technology Extension Institutions of Agriculture and Stockbreeding in Northeast China(1940-1945)——Analysis based on the Literature from South Manchuria Railway Company

明治维新后日本为发展本国经济,推行"大陆政策",走上对外侵略之路。除发动对外军事侵略外,日本还积极推行较为隐蔽的"殖民地科技"侵略。日本在中国东北设立的农牧业科研推广机构正是其在东北实行"殖民地科技"侵略的主要机关。这些机构的建立和演变大致经历了三个阶段:机构的初步建立、机构的巩固扩张和机构的统筹整合,殖民地技术力量在此过程中移植、发展并服务于侵略。本文通过对满铁资料(1909-1945)的考察梳理,探究日本如何通过机构设置实现技术移植、推进技术的培植和发展、将技术应用于殖民侵略等事实,揭开殖民地科学技术的本质。农史学界目前对"殖民地科技史"的研究关注较少,本研究从农牧业机构的视角探讨"殖民地科技侵略",希冀为农业"殖民地科技"研究提供一个具体而微的视角。特别是本论文大量使用第一手满铁文献资料,可为中国东北近代农业史研究、近代中日关系史研究提供参考。

With the aim of developing domestic economy, Japan started to promote the＂Continental Policy＂and aggression to other countries after Meji Restoration. In addition to launching military aggression on foreign countries, Japan also actively conducted the aggression by science and technology in the colony which was more concealed. The scientific research and technology extension institutions of agriculture and stockbreeding founded by Japan in northeast China served as the main bodies of colonial aggression by science and technology. Overall, three stages existed in the foundation and transition history of these institutions： initial foundation, consolidation and extension, and integration. Science and technology forces were first transplanted from Japan into northeast China, then developed there and served for the aim of colonial aggression by Japan.Basing on the literature from South Manchuria Railway Company, this study aims to conduct an exploratory analysis about how Japan realized the technical transplant, promoted the technical development and applied the technologies in colonial aggression through the agriculture and stockbreeding related institutions. It will be helpful to reveal the essence of the colonial science and technology. Few studies of agricultural history focusing on the history of colonial science and technology have been conducted yet. This study analyzes the colonial aggression by science and technology from the perspective of agriculture and stockbreeding related institutions,expecting to contribute a new and practical way for historical researches of colonial science and technology.Especially, the large amount of original literature from South Manchuria Railway Company collected in this study can provide good references for future historical researches on modern agriculture in northeast China,and the development of modern relationship between China and Japan.