《圣经》智慧观嬗变研究

The Notion of Wisdom in The Bible

《圣经》对智慧做过各种描述和界说,探讨了智慧的起源、属性、定义、分类、途径、功能、价值等问题。通过比较可以发现,两约智慧观发生了以下嬗变:两约都认为智慧存在于太初,但关于太初智慧的描述不同,经逻各斯的转换,《新约》对太初智慧的指认发生了变化;两约都认为智慧属于上帝之灵,人的智慧是上帝所赐,但《旧约》还肯定了人的后天努力和民间世俗智慧,而《新约》只强调上帝智慧;两约中智慧的内涵有不同,分类、分级也有不同;两约都认为智慧为首,是无价之宝,贵为生命,但《旧约》多肯定智慧的现世价值,而《新约》多肯定智慧的来世价值。

In The Bible there is no coherent description and definition of wisdom, although many issues concerned are covered, such as its origin, nature, definition, categorization, function and value. By contrast and comparison between the Old Testament and the New Testament, the paper makes the following observations. The Old Testament and the New Testament share the same view that wisdom comes into being in the beginning, however, the descriptions are quite different in that the identification with wisdom in the beginning changes in the New Testament. They both hold that human wisdom is gifted by god. While in the Old Testament human learning and the worldly wisdom are emphasized, in the New Testament the wisdom of god is predominant. The value of wisdoms differs. In the Old Testament the secularvalue of wisdom is affirmed, while in the New Testament the afterlife value matters. In addition, the connotation and the categorization of wisdom are presented differently in the Old Testament and the New Testament.