2013—2015年河南地区烧伤住院患者流行病学调查及分析

Epidemiogical analysis of burn inpatients in Henan province in the year of 2013 to 2015

目的了解河南地区烧伤住院患者的流行病学特点,为河南地区烧伤的治疗及预防提供参考。方法采取问卷调查的方法对2013—2015年河南地区住院烧伤患者进行回顾性调查,分析河南地区烧伤住院患者的流行病学特点,包括性别比例、年龄分布、致伤原因、烧伤面积、住院天数、是否经手术治疗以及并发症的发生率和死亡率等。结果本调查共包括17 817名烧伤住院患者,男女性别比为2.0∶1.0,其中烧伤患者年龄分布以0~7岁儿童居多,占住院总人数的43.5%,3 a烧伤住院人数年龄分布比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=229.2,P<0.01)。致伤原因以热力烧伤为主,占住院总人数的89.3%,3 a的致伤原因构成比比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=10.9,P>0.05)。烧伤面积10%~30%的住院患者人数最多,约占住院总人数的44.2%,3 a住院总人数的烧伤面积分布比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=19.7,P<0.01)。住院天数0~14 d的患者占总人数的62.8%,3 a住院患者住院天数分布比较,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=16.0,P<0.01)。3 a住院患者中MODS、吸入性损伤、休克的发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ~2=1.5,P>0.05)。3 a住院总人数中非手术治疗的患者约占总人数的78.9%,死亡率为0.3%。结论河南地区的住院烧伤患者致伤原因以热力烧伤为主,且大面积烧伤发生率较高,并发症发生率高。因此加强健康教育,提高生产安全措施依然是降低烧伤发生率的有效措施。

Objective To provide reliable epidemiological data for both clinical treatment and research of burns in Henan province.Methods The burn hospitalized patients in Henan province were retrospectively investigation in 2013 to 2015 by the method of questionnaire survey. To research the epidemiological characteristics of Henan province among the burn hospitalized patients, the clinical data of all patients were analyzed retrospectively mainly on the distribution of age, sex ratio, etiology, extent of burns, hospitalization days, complications and mortality of burns.Results The survey included a total of 17 817 hospitalized patients with burns, with a male to female ratio of 2.0∶ 1.0. Among them, the majority of burn victims were 0-7 years old, which accounted for 43.5% of the total number of hospitalizations . There was statistically significant difference in the age distribution of total inpatients in the three years （ χ ^2=229.7, P 〈0.05 ）. Thermal injury was the main causes of burn, accounted for 89.3% of the total number of inpatients. The difference among the composition of injury cause was not statistically significant in the three years（ χ^ 2=10.5, P 〉0.05 ）.The burn area was 10% to 30%, accounted for 44.2% of the total inpatients. The difference of burn area distribution among the three years was statistically significant （ χ ^2=19.7, P 〈0.05 ）. The number of days of hospitalization less than 14 accounted for 62.8% of the total inpatients, and the difference among the three years was statistically significant （ χ ^2=16.0, P 〈0.05 ）. The morbidity of MODS, inhalation injury and shock were 7.8%, 6.6% and 2.1% respectively. The difference among the incidence of complication in hospitalized patients was not statistically significant （ χ ^2=1.5, P 〉0.05 ）. The total number of non-surgical patients in the total number of 3 years of burn hospitalization accounted for 78.9% of the total number of patients, the mortality rate was 0.3%.Conclusion Thermal injury is the main causes of burn inpatients. the incidence of large area burns higher incidence of complications. It ’ s very important to prevent burn in life and work to strengthen safety education and safeguards.