上海市浦东新区8个社区55岁及以上HIV感染者/AIDS病人高危行为因素调查

Survey of High-risk Behavioral Factors of HIV Infected/AIDS Patients of 55 Years Old and Above in 8 Communities in Pudong New Area, Shanghai

目的了解55岁及以上HIV感染者/AIDS病人的生活质量、家庭及社会关系、性行为状况及其影响因素等,为制定相应的防治措施提供依据。方法设计专用调查表,对研究地区目标人群进行面对面、一对一的问卷调查。结果共收集65份问卷,覆盖率100%。其中男性59人,女性6人;文化程度在初中及以下和高中或中专学历的共56人(86.15%),且经济状况均较良好。感染途径以异性传播为主,男性主要是通过在固定场所进行无保护性商业性性行为、女性主要是通过夫妻间不安全性行为感染;发现途径以术前检测和其他就诊者检测为主。59名男性中,承认确诊前有过商业性行为的27人(45.76%),最主要是在固定场所(96.30%)进行性交易,而且承认确诊后有过商业性行为的3例(5.08%)。不同性别HIV感染者/AIDS病人在客观支持、主观支持、对支持的利用度和社会支持总体得分均低于中国常模(P<0.05)。结论高危性行为是老年人感染艾滋病的主要危险因素。老年HIV感染者社会支持得分情况低于正常人群。应重视老年人群的艾滋病防治工作,加强老年人相关知识的宣传和暗娼行为的干预。同时,应关注老年HIV感染者/艾滋病病人的情感需求,做好治疗与关怀工作,提高老年人对社会系统的利用度。

Objective To investigate the quality of life, social and family relationships, sexual behavior and the influencing factors among the HIV infected/AIDS patients with aged 55 and above, to provide basis for formulating control measures. Methods A special questionnaire was designed to investigate the target population in the study area face to face. Results A total of 65 questionnaires were collected, and the coverage rate was 100%; 59 cases were male and 6 were female; 56 cases（86.15%） had education level with junior high and senior high school or technical secondary; 56 cases（86.15%） had relatively good economic conditions. The main way of infection was heterosexual transmission, men and women were mainly infected with AIDS through unprotected commercial sexual behavior in a fixed place and unsafe sex between husband and wife respectively; the methods of detection were mainly detected by preoperative examination and medical examination. Among 59 male cases, 27 cases admitted before diagnosis had commercial sex（45.76%）, and the sex trades were conducted manly in the fixed place（96.30%）; 3 cases（5.08%） admitted to commercial sex after the diagnosis. The total scores of objective support, subjective support, support utilization, and social support with different gender of HIV infected/AIDS patients was lower than that of the Chinese norm（P〈0.05）. Conclusion High-risk sex is the main factor of HIV infection in the elderly. The social support score of the elderly HIV infected people was lower than that of the normal population. The prevention and control of AIDS in the elderly should be paid more attention to, and the propaganda of relevant knowledge of the elderly and the intervention of the behavior of the prostitutes should be strengthened. At the same time, the emotional needs of the elderly HIV infected/AIDS patients should be pay attention, and improve the utilization of the social system of the elderly by good treatment and care.