利用熵值法综合评价佛山市高明区居民健康素养水平

Comprehensive Evaluation of Residents' Health Literacy Level in Gaoming District of Foshan by Entropy Method

目的了解佛山市高明区居民的健康素养状况,初步制定切合实际的健康教育内容框架。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,抽取全区4个街道(镇)652名常住人口开展问卷调查。利用熵值法综合评价素养水平,比较不同性别,年龄,收入水平,文化程度的素养知识差异。结果 56岁及以上年龄组的健康素养综合评分最低(t=2.00,P<0.05)。家庭收入高的居民各类健康素养水平均高于低收入居民。除传染病防治和科学健康观素养外,其他4类的健康素养均是大专及以上学历的居民高于低学历的居民,且差异具有统计学意义。6类健康素养的评分与综合素养评分具有相关性;按权重系数大小排序,分别为:安全与急救、慢性病防治、健康信息、基本医疗、传染病防治、科学健康观。结论开展健康教育过程中,应充分考虑受众的年龄、文化程度、经济因素等,制定因地制宜、因材施教的健康教育内容。

Objective To understand the health literacy status of the residents in this area, and to formulate a practical framework for the content of health education. Methods A multistage random cluster sampling method was used to investigate 652 permanent residents in 4 districts（towns）. The literacy level was evaluated by entropy method, and the literacy knowledge differences among different gender, age, income level, and educational level were compared. Results The overall score of health literacy was lowest in the age group 56 years and older（t=2.00, P〈0.05）. The health literacy level of residents with high family income was higher than that of low income residents. In addition to the prevention and control of infectious diseases and scientific health concept, the other 4 types of health literacy of residents with college degree and above were higher than those of residents with low educational background, and the difference was statistically significant. The scores of the 6 types of health literacy were related to the health literacy overall score; according to the weight coefficient, they were： safety and first aid, prevention and control of chronic diseases, health information, basic medical treatment, prevention and control of infectious diseases, and scientific health concept. Conclusion In the course of health education, the age, cultural degree, and economic factors of the audience should be fully taken into consideration, and the content of health education should be formulated according to local conditions and individualized.