上海市闵行区某社区老年居民身体虚弱状况调查

Investigation on Physical Weakness of Elderly Residents in a Community in Minhang District of Shanghai

目的调查上海市虹桥社区老年居民身体虚弱状况及其相关原因,为制定健康干预措施提供依据。方法 2017年1—6月,采用整群随机抽样法在虹桥社区抽取4个居委60岁及以上的社区居民800人作为研究对象,对他们发放老年居民虚弱状况问卷进行调查。调查内容包括一般项目、生活行为、健康自我评价、健康状况以及老年人身体虚弱状况。结果共发放问卷800份,回收有效问卷778份,有效回收率为97.3%。不同性别人群各年龄段分布、体质指数、享受医保、年度医疗费用支出没有显著性差异。有吸烟、饮酒习惯的男性居民比例高于女性,而女性的睡眠质量自评分则低于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。健康自我评价和虚弱状况在不同性别老年人中的分布没有明显差异。不同年龄段有明显的差异,而且随着年龄的增长,老年人健康自我评价倾向于负性评价,虚弱状况也明显加重。超重或肥胖、缺乏运动、睡眠质量不佳、未进行定期体检、健康自评差等因素均会加重老年人的虚弱状况。结论老年人虚弱状况与年龄成正比,年龄越大虚弱状况越严重。社区卫生服务中心应采取相应对策、积极开展健身运动、控制体重、心理干预等措施,减少虚弱的发生。

Objective To investigate the current status of physical weakness and related causes of elderly residents in Hongqiao Community of Shanghai, and to provide evidence for formulating health interventions. Methods From January to June 2017, a total 800 residents aged 60 and above from 4 community were selected as the subjects in Hongqiao Community by cluster random sampling, and the questionnaire of the elderly residents＇ weakness was conducted. The survey included general items, life behaviors, health self-evaluation, health status and physical weakness of the elderly. Results A total of 800 questionnaires were distributed and 778 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective recovery rate was 77.80%. There is no statistical difference in the distribution of various age groups, body mass index, health care in assurance and annual medical expenses in different sex groups. The smoking and drinking rates of male residents were significantly higher than those of females, while the female self-assessment of sleep quality level was lower than that of males, and the differences were statistically significant （P〈0.01）. There was no significant difference in the distribution of levels of the elderly＇s health self-evaluation and weaknesses between genders. However, there were obvious differences among different age groups. With the increase of the age, the health self-evaluation level of the elderly tended to be negative, and the weakness was obviously aggravated. Overweight and obesity, lack of exercise, poor quality of sleep, lack of regular physical exams, and poor self-assessment of health all contributed to the weakness of the elderly. Conclusion Weakness of the elderly is proportional to age, and the older, the worse the debilitating condition. Community health agencies should take appropriate countermeasures, and actively carry out fitness exercises, weight control, psychological intervention and other measures to reduce the occurrence of weakness.