从“文学”到“人文科学”——论中华精神文明史上的人文学术类型之转换

From “Literature” to “Humanities”: On the Transformation of Humanistic Academic Types in the History of Chinese Spiritual Civilization

本文首先对比了中华精神文明史上的＂向文＂传统与现代来自西方文明的科技工商＂向物＂传统,据此提出全球化时代的中华精神文明前景,应该兼顾来自西方的＂泛物＂价值观和中华历史上固有的＂泛文＂价值观,通过将二者有机地结合,开创全球化时代人类文明的一种新生态。其次,本文提出,历史文化人类学应该区分民族文化之固有一般理念与其在不同历史条件下形成的追求该理念之诸具体方式;前者具有历史永恒性,后者具有历史变迁性,二者不可混同。一方面不可因泥执于古代实践方式而因循守旧,另一方面虽应坚守民族固有的伦理理念,却也应随着历史条件的演变而在实践方向和方法上与时俱进,随遇趋新,方可辩证地、更真实地、更有效地贯彻民族固有的精神理念。历史上的＂泛文学形态＂应逐步转化为＂泛人文科学形态＂,遂可在此基础上,于全球化时代,进一步丰富和发展中华文明的精神文化创造事业。

The essay first of all indicates a remarkable distinction between the pan-literary Tradition of Chinese history and the pan-materialist direction of scientific-technological-economic constructions introduced from Western Civilization,pointing out then a necessity for maintaining a balance between spirit-value and matter-value on the basis of Confucian humanist ethics. For this purpose Chinese civilization should transform its traditional pan-literary praxis to the intellectual praxis performed in modern human sciences. Didactically speaking,a really modernized scientific-epistemological insight can help us grasp the general situations of continuous weakening of the humanities all over the world and therewith gain a clearer knowledge about what will be the more important task of the current Chinese humanities in our globalization era. Without passively following the current trends of western humanities,which have been totally under sway of the economic globalization,the Chinese humanist-theoretical efforts should firstly go back to the spiritual origin of Confucian ethical idealism and then more independently and creatively be engaged in advancing social and human scientific research at intellectual level. In light of this,the general Confucian ethical"Idea"and its different concrete historical-determined pragmatic ways in history should be clearly separated; accordingly,the new intellectual Civilization of China could be on one side inspired by its original humanist idealism and on the other more desirably based on the productive achievements attained by the modernized human sciences.