城市间地价差异性影响因素分析

Analysis of the Influencing Factors of Land Price

土地价格在国民经济体系中扮演着重要作用,而我国住宅土地价格存在着区域间、城市间发展不均衡的现象.本文从土地供给潜力、土地以外其他投入品的供给、住宅服务需求量三方面选取21个指标,旨在探究地价及其影响因素之间的关系.运用对比统计分析、因子分析与回归分析的方法,得到结论:(1)我国城市间地价水平值在低水平的区段差异不大,到了高水平区段,随着地价的增长,增长速率逐渐增大,到北京、上海等特大型城市时,地价呈现指数增长模式.(2)利用因子分析、回归分析方法,找出影响城市间地价差异的最主要的3个公共因子分别是经济与教育发展因子、投资要素因子和城市环境绿化因子,并且经济与教育发展因子对城市间地价差异起主要作用.研究结论:经济与教育发展因子对于地价的影响高于投资要素因子,并对保持全国土地市场均衡发展提出相关政策性建议,包括均衡分配全国教育资源.控制特大型城市外来人口的数量以及加强二三线城市基础设施建设,并健全其各类社会保障制度.

The price of land plays an important role in the national economy. However,the price of residential land in our country is not balanced among cities and regions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between land prices and factors that affect land prices by selecting 21 indicators from the potential of land supply,supply of other inputs other than land,and demand for residential services. Comparative statistical analysis,factor analysis and regression analysis are applied in the research. The conclusions are as follows： 1）In our country,there is not much difference of land price among cities at the low level. At the high level,with the increase of land price,the growth rate increases gradually. In the mega-cities,such as Beijing and Shanghai,the land price shows an exponential growth pattern. 2） By using regression analysis method,we found that three public factors affect the difference of land price among cities,namely economic and educational development,investment elements and urban environmental afforestation,and the first factor dominates main effect. It was conducted that the impact of economic and educational development on land prices was higher than investment elements. Finally,this paper put forward some relevant policy recommendations to maintain a balanced development of the national land market,including evenly allocating educational resources across the country,controlling the number of migrants in mega-cities,strengthening infrastructure construction in second-tier and third-tier cities and improving their various social security systems.