日本征信业的历史沿革及运营机制分析

Analysis of the History and the Operating Mechanism of the Credit Reference Industry in Japan

日本征信业按业务模式分为个人征信业和企业征信业。日本征信业在其发展过程中,形成了以信息共享的风险控制及运营获利、个人征信机构的会员制及机构之间的信用信息共享、信用信息的流动和存储、消费者自我约束等为主要内容的个人征信业运营机制,以及包括信用调查、企业征信业的会员制、企业信用信息的跨境流动等内容在内的企业征信业运营机制。日本征信业缓解了信息不对称问题,降低了交易成本,避免了过度借贷和信贷错配,提高了履约水平,解决小微企业融资难的问题,增强了全社会的信用意识。

Japan＇s credit reference industry is divided into personal credit reference industry and enter prise credit reference industry. Risk control and operating profit,the membership of personal credit agen cies and the sharing of credit information between agencies,the flow and storage of credit information,consumer self-restraint are operating mechanisms of personal credit reference industry,and credit inves tigation,membership of enterprise credit industry and cross-border flow of enterprise credit information are operating mechanisms of enterprise credit reference industry. Japan＇s credit reference industry has its important utility：alleviating the problem of information asymmetry,reducing the transaction cost,avoi ding excessive borrowing and mismatching of credit,improving the agreement honor level,solving the problem of financing difficulties in small and micro enterprises,and enhancing the credit consciousness of the whole society.