东北地区离婚率全国居首的原因分析

An Analysis on the Causes of Highest Divorce Rate in Northeast China

婚姻相关问题一直是社会学、人类学等社会学科的研究对象,我国离婚率逐年上升的现象近年来尤其突出,在一定程度上已经成为一种社会问题。在全国离婚率逐年升高的背景下,东北三省的离婚率变化规律相似而又不同。若将东北三省看为一个整体进行分析,则这一大区域内人口的离婚率具有非常鲜明的特点。按照粗离婚率和"离结比"两种离婚率衡量指标对全国31个地区的离婚率进行降序排列,东北三省的粗离婚率长期居于排行榜的前列,而"离结比"则长期居于排行榜首位。总体上,东北地区的离婚率随着时间推移逐年升高,而且长期以来明显高于全国其他地区。分析东北地区人口离婚率高居全国首位的原因则发现既有与全国其他地区一致的共性原因,也有东北地区特有的区域原因。具体而言,导致这一现象的共性原因主要包括:经济发展和社会进步使婚姻功能发生改变;离婚的法律程序简化、社会成本降低;婚前感情基础不够、对婚姻质量要求提高、婚外诱惑增加等。导致这一现象的区域内独特原因主要包括:低生育率导致东北地区婚龄人口中独生子女比例更高;东北地区城市化程度较高,女性受教育程度较高;区域内的移民文化使离婚的外界阻力较小;少数民族人口比例高、人口流动性较大、经济发展落后等。

Marriage is the subject of sociology,anthropology and other social sciences. The rising divorce rate in China has been especially prominent in recent years,which has become a social problem to some extent. With the national divorce rate rising year by year,the divorce rate in Northeast Provinces of China is similar and different. As a whole area,the divorce rate in the Northeast China is very distinctive. Arrange the divorce rate in 31 regions of China in descending order,according to the two measures of divorce rate.The crude divorce rate in Three Provinces in Northeast of China has been out in front for a long time,while the＂divorce-marriage ratio＂was in the top of the list. Overall,the divorce rate in the Northeast China has increased year by year and has been significantly higher than other areas for a long time. The causes of the phenomenon include common reasons and special regional reasons. The common reasons include：economic development and social progress have changed the function of marriage,the legal process of divorce is simplified and social cost is reduced,the premarital emotional foundation is not enough,while the marriage quality requirement and the outside temptation are increased,etc. The unique reasons in the region mainly include：in this area,low birth rate has leaded to a higher proportion of only children in the marriage age population,the degree of urbanization is higher,and women are much better educated,the immigrant culture in the region makes the outside resistance of divorce less,the proportion of ethnic minorities is high,the population is mobile and economic development is backward.