女性空巢老年人的心理一致感及其对健康自我管理能力的影响研究

Sense of coherence in female empty nest elderly and its influence on health self-management skill

目的探讨女性空巢老年人的心理一致感现状，并分析其对健康自我管理能力的影响。方法使用方便抽样，于2017年4—10月在宁波市北仑区和江北区各选取1个社区作为研究场所，以社区中的124名女性空巢老年人作为研究对象。使用一般资料调查表、心理一致感量表和成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表收集资料。结果女性空巢老年人心理一致感得分为（57．64±11．35）分，处于低水平。健康自我管理能力得分为（125．64±20．22）分，得分最高的为自我管理认知（43．06±6．75）分，最低的为自我管理行为（31．16±5．89）分。心理一致感和合并慢性病可影响女性空巢老年人的自我管理行为；文化程度、合并慢性病和宗教信仰可影响其自我管理认知；心理一致感和是否独居可影响其自我管理环境。结论社区工作者应重视女性空巢老年人的管理工作，扩展其社会接触面，鼓励并引导其利用各种社会资源面对生活的困境，建立完善的独居老年人资料，建立适合实际情况的定期慰问及上门随访制度，提高女性空巢老年人的健康自我管理能力。

Objective To explore the sense of coherence in female empty nest elderly and its influence on health self-management skill. Methods There were 124 female empty nest elderly collected from 2 communities in Beilun and Jiangbei District by convenience sampling between April and October 2017. The basic data questionnaire, Sense of Coherence-13 and Health Self-management Skill Scale for Adults were used to collect data. Results The score of sense of coherence was 57.64± 11.35, which was in the low level. The score of health self-management skill was 125.64±20.22, with the highest score in self-management cognition, lowest score in self-management behavior. The sense of coherence and comorbidity can influence the sell-management behavior. The educational level, comorbidity and religion can influence the self-management cognition. The sense of coherence and live alone or not can influence the self-management environment. Conclusions Community workers should pay attention to the management of female empty nest elderly, expand their social contact, encourage and guide them to use all kinds of social resources to face the difficulties, improve the data for the elderly living alone, establish periodic condolences and follow-up system, and improve the health self-management skills.