基于微卫星的中华鳖(Pelodiscus sinensis)选育世代遗传多样性监测

Genetic Diversiy Monitoring of Selected Generations of Chinese Soft-shelled Turtle(Pelodiscus sinensis) Based on Microsatellites

本研究利用微卫星技术,对选育的中华鳖F3、F4、F5代群体的遗传多样性进行了监测,并与日本鳖群体进行了比较。结果显示,在筛选的15个微卫星位点中,4个群体共218个个体共检测到等位基因数138个,平均等位基因数（Na）为7.2-8.4,平均观测杂合度（Ho）为0.512 3-0.626 5,平均期望杂合度（He）为0.574 9-0.646 1,平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0.534 6-0.604 9,表明这些中华鳖群体有较丰富的遗传多样性。中华鳖选育群体F3、F4、F5代及日本鳖群体的遗传多样性参数Na分别为8.400、7.733、7.200、7.200,Ho分别为0.626 5、0.527 4、0.478 7、0.512,He分别为0.646 1、0.639 8、0.642 0、0.574 9,PIC分别为0.604 9、0.598 2、0.594 9、0.534 6,显示中华鳖群体随着选育进程,遗传多样性逐渐下降,但仍然比日本鳖群体高,还可以进行进一步的选育。中华鳖选育群体在聚类分析中聚为一支,而日本鳖群体单独聚为一支,这说明人工选育对生物进化与地理分化的历史局面没有产生影响。

In this paper, the genetic diversity of F3, F4 and F5 populations of selected generations of Chinese soft-shelled turtle was monitored by microsatellite technique, and it was compared with the Japanese population.The results showed that among the screened 15 microsatellite locis, the total of 218 individuals in the four groups were detected. The number of alleles was 138, the average number of alleles（Na） were 7.2 to 8.4, the average observed heterozygosity（Ho） were 0.512 3 to 0.626 5, the average expected heterozygosity（He） were 0.574 9 to 0.646 1, and the average polymorphism information content（PIC） were 0.534 6 to 0.604 9. These results indicated that the genetic diversity of these populations was abundant. The genetic diversity parameters of F3, F4 and F5 populations were as follows： Na were 8.400, 7.733, 7.200, 7.200, Ho were 0.626 5, 0.527 4, 0.478 7, 0.512, He were 0.646 1,0.639 8, 0.642 0, 0.574 9 and PIC were 0.604 9, 0.598 2, 0.594 9, 0.534 6. The results showed that the genetic diversity of the Chinese turtle populations decreased gradually with the breeding process, but it was still higher than the Japanese turtle population. Chinese populations could be further selected. The breeding populations of Chinese turtle were grouped together using UPMGA cluster analysis, while the Japanese turtle population was clustered alone, which indicated that artificial breeding had no effect on the historical situation of biological evolution and geographical differentiation.