胚胎发育中神经嵴细胞迁移机制的研究进展

Research Advance on the Migration Mechanism of Neural Crest Cell during Embryonic Development

神经嵴（neural crest,NC）是一种具有高度迁移能力的多功能细胞群,它形成于胚胎发育过程中神经上皮和上皮细胞前体之间的交界处。神经嵴细胞在经历了横贯整个胚胎的迁移之后,会固定下来并分化发育成多种组织和器官。神经嵴细胞在迁移过程中表现出趋化性（chemotaxis）和趋电性（electrotaxis）。神经嵴细胞能够沿着胞外可溶性因子浓度梯度产生定向迁移,这些趋化性因子包括SDF-1、VEGE、FGF、PDGF等;神经嵴细胞也能在生理电场（endogenous electric fields）或适当外源电场（exogenous electric fields）中沿电场方向,向正极或负极迁移。一些重要的与趋电性相关的分子已经被发现,如EGFR、Rac1、V-ATPase H＋pump、PI3 kinase/Pten。本综述详细介绍了神经嵴细胞趋化性和趋电性迁移中的可能机理和实验证据,为后续研究提供参考。

Neural crest is a kind of multipotent cell population with high migration ability. It is formed at the interface between the neuroepithelium and the prospective epidermis during embryonic development. After the migration across the entire embryo, the neural crest cells were fixed and differentiated into a variety of tissues and organs. And the neural crest cells showed chemotaxis and electrotaxis during the migration. Neural crest cells could make directional migration along the extracellular concentration gradients of soluble factors. These chemotaxis factors included SDF-1, VEGE, FGF, and PDGF. Neural crest cells could directionally migrate toward either anode or cathode in endogenous electric fields or exogenous electric fields. And several critical molecules related to electrotaxis havex been discovered, including EGFR, Rac1, V-ATPase H＋pump, and PI3 kinase/Pten.This review introduced the possible mechanisms and experimental evidence for chemotaxis and eletrotaxis during neural crest cell migration in detail, which might provide references for the follow-up study.