农户耕地适度经营规模:稳产与增收——基于黑龙江省农村固定观察点数据

Moderate scale of farmers' cultivated land: Stable production and income increase in Heilongjiang province

耕地经营规模的"适度性"须同时考虑社会及农民利益,并区分农作物种类。兼顾"稳定粮食生产"和农民"增收"目标,基于规模经济理论和生产函数理论构建耕地适度经营规模模型,确定黑龙江省农户种植玉米、水稻和大豆的适度规模及农户耕地规模经营净收入。结果表明:需针对不同粮食作物种类,差别化引导农户耕地适度规模经营。以稳定粮食生产和农户耕地规模经营净收入最大化为目标,得到黑龙江省农户种植玉米、水稻和大豆的户均适度规模为125.89-218.13亩、41.52-50.82亩和84.5亩,三种粮食作物基本处于规模报酬不变的生产阶段,扩大耕地种植规模对增加粮食单产作用不大。同等劳动力投入下,农户经营适度规模玉米和水稻的净收益高于非适度规模经营状态下的净收益,而经营适度规模大豆的净收益明显低于非适度规模经营状态下的净收益,推进大豆适度规模经营重点应增加政府补贴力度。

The ＂moderation＂ of the scale of cultivated land management must take into account the interests of the society and the farmers and distinguish the types of crops. The research took into account the goals of ＂ stable food production＂ and ＂ increase farmers＇ income＂ , and applied Scale Economy Theory and production function theory to establish model of moderate scale of cultivated land operation, and determine the moderate scale of cultivated land for farmers planting corn, rice and soybean and its net scale income. The results showed that： It is necessary to guide grain moderate scale management according to different kinds of grain crops. Based on aims to maximize the net income of scale operating of cultivated land and guarantee the stability of food production, the moderate scale of planting corn, rice and soybean of per household were 125.89mu to 218.13mu, 41.52 mu to 50.82mu and 84.5mu. The production of corn, rice and soybean in the research area was at the stage of the invariant returns to scale; and expanding the scale of cultivated land had little effect on increasing grain yield. Under the same labor input, the net income of farmers planting moderate scale of corn and rice were higher than the net income of farmers in the non - moderate scale, and the net income of farmers planting the moderate scale of soybean was obviously lower than the net income of farmers in the non - moderate scale. To promote the moderate scale management of soybean, the government subsidy should be increased.