松花江流域泡沼湿地变化特征分析

Dynamic characteristics of bubble marsh wetland in Songhua River Basin

松花江流域是我国重要的泡沼湿地分布区之一,然而由于全球气候变化及人类活动的影响,流域内湿地面积减少剧烈。文中依托RS和GIS技术,通过泡沼湿地动态度、以及文中创新提出的泡沼湿地耕地化率、泡沼湿地退化率和泡沼湿地保留率的概念,对1950年代至2015年松花江流域泡沼湿地的变化特征进行分析,结论如下:1)从1950年代至2015年,泡沼湿地面积减少了近50%。泡沼湿地的减少去向主要为耕地,草地和盐碱地。2)泡沼湿地耕地化率为63%,泡沼湿地退化率为36.5%。人类大力开发耕地是松花江流域泡沼湿地减少的最主要的因素,而因为人类活动阻断了河流与湿地之间的连通性,造成湿地的水源短缺,导致泡沼湿地退化也是泡沼湿地面积减少的主要原因,说明人类活动或干扰会破坏湿地,导致生态环境恶化。

The Songhua River Basin is one of the important distribution areas of the wetland wetlands in China.However,due to the impacts of global climate change and human activities,the wetland area in the basin is decreasing. Based on the RS and GIS techniques,we discussed the concept of the biochemical rate of Paolu wetland,the degradation rate of foie far wetland and the retention rate of Paolu wetland. The results showed that the area of wetland was reduced by nearly 50% from 1950 s to 2015. The reduction of the wetlands was mainly for cultivated land,grassland and saline land. The rate of arable land was 63%,and the degradation rate of Paolu wetland was 36. 5%. The strong development of cultivated land by mankind was the most important factor result in the reduction of the wetland of the Songhua River,and because human activities blocked the connectivity between the river and the wetland,it caused the water shortage of the wetland,and also caused the reduction of the wetland area.