内蒙古大青山典型森林植被水文功能研究

Study on hydrological function of typical forest vegetations in Daqing Mountains of Inner Mongolia

从森林冠层、枯落物层和土壤层等分析内蒙古大青山华北落叶松林、白桦林、虎榛子灌丛、绣线菊灌丛及草地等典型森林植被的水文功能。结果表明:不同植被类型冠层截留能力差别显著,雨季(6-9月)绣线菊灌丛的截留率最高(27.3%),华北落叶松人工林(18.5%)次之,白桦次生林(13.3%)和虎榛子灌丛(10.1%)最小;树干茎流率与此相反,虎榛子灌丛的最大,达到34.5%;从冠层截留率的月动态来看,乔木林先增大后减小,灌丛则逐渐减小。枯落物最大持水量以华北落叶松林和白桦林最大,灌木林次之,草地最小。0-100cm土层的最大贮水量为灌丛>乔木林>草地。综合来看,白桦林和虎榛子灌丛总蓄水能力最强,绣线菊灌丛略低,之后为华北落叶松林和草地,说明从植被水文功能角度来看,天然林树种白桦和灌木林更利于大青山的水源涵养。

The hydrological function of Daqing Mountains forests ecosystem was analyzed from the canopy interception,litter layer and soil layer. The result indicated that the canopy interception of different vegetations differed notably in the rain season（ June ~ September）,with the maximal value（ 27. 3%） in the shrub of Spiraea trilobata,followed by the larch plantation（ Larix principis-rupprechtii,18. 5%） and birch forest（ Betula Platyphylla,13. 3%）,and the minimal value（ 10. 1%） of the Ostryopsis davidiana shrubs,but the stemflow was reverse,with the maximal value（ 34. 5%） in the O. davidiana shrubs. From the perspective of seasonal variation,the canopy interception ratio of forestland first increased and then decreased,but the shrubland decreased gradually. The maximum holding water capacity of litter layers was in the larch plantations and birch plantations,followed by shrub forest,and the grassland was minimal. The maximum holding water capacity was range as follows： shrubs forest grassland. The best water conservation capability was found in the birch forest and O. davidiana shrubs,then the S. trilobata shrubs and larch forest,and the worst functions appeared in the grassland. From the perspective of vegetation hydrological function,natural forests and shrub are better for the water conservation in Daqing mountains.