新手用户与文献数据库交互中的认知演进实验研究:心智模型视角

An Experimental Study in Novice Users' Cognition Evolution of Their Interaction with Academic Database from the Perspective of Mental Model

文章旨在探索用户完成不同类型检索任务过程中用户认知的分布及其演进机理。研究采用多阶段信息检索任务的实验法,一共招募83名有效被试参与实验。实验过程中,要求被试在CNKI自由探索3分钟,完成事实型检索任务、探索型检索任务和干涉型检索任务,在实验一周后五个时间点提供心智模型概念列表。研究表明:第一,文献数据库新手用户的认知分布在系统维度(宏观功能、信息资源、检索方法、信息组织、后台系统和系统界面)、用户信息素养维度和检索任务情境维度。第二,新手用户认知的演进在系统维度呈现出不同的演进模式。第三,新手用户与文献数据库交互中的认知演进受到检索任务类型的显著影响。研究的方法论启示为,基于任务驱动的信息检索实验法可用于模拟和探索用户认知的演进规律;研究的实践启示为,研究结果可为用户信息素养的培训提供指导建议。

This paper aims to explore the distribution and evolutionary mechanism of novice users＂ cognition in their infor- mation retrieval. Eighty-three volunteers have participated in this survey, which used multi-phase information retrieval meth- od. Participants have been asked to provide conception list right after they finish the five tasks by using CNKI, which include free use for three minutes （T1）, factual search （T2）, exploring search （T3）, interfering search（T4） and a week after the ex- perimental task complete （T5}. Several results have been found out. Firstly, novice users＂ cognition of academic database mostly focuses on system, users＂ information literacy and task context, while system mainly refer to its micro-function, infor- mation resource, information retrieval method, information organization, backend system and interface of academic data- base. Secondly, there are several evolutionary modes of novice users＂ cognition on system. Thirdly, the type of retrieval task is a significant contributing factor on novice users＂ cognition evolution in their interacting with academic database. This research can provide methodology implication for simulating and exploring users, cognition evolution, and suggestions for users＂ information literacy training.