大宛之战对中原治理西域的影响

On Dayuan Battle's Influence on the Central Plains Dynasty's Governance of the Western Regions

大宛之战是中原王朝第一次自敦煌深入中亚费尔干纳盆地进行的战争。通过这次战役,以李广利为代表的中原军队,对西域多样化的地理环境和长距离作战时后勤补给的重要性有了感性认识,零距离地接触到了西域绿洲城邦社会的"两属"心态。由此,中原王朝开始以屯垦戍边解决后勤问题的治理模式逐步形成,对于绿洲国家特殊的"两属"现象,中原王朝认识到必须在西域建立相应的军政机构进行管理,如汉代西域都护府、唐代安西都护府和北庭都护府以及清代的伊犁将军府等的持续治理;鉴于西域地理地貌的复杂性,中原王朝将实际治理的范围底定在塔里木盆地周缘和天山南北,甚或沿天山向西延伸至七河地区,但并未逾越葱岭和南天山进入费尔干纳盆地,从而避免了由此带来的高昂的军事费用和管理成本。由之,通过大宛之战,西汉突破了张骞两次通西域"不得要领"的困局,也奠定了后世中原王朝治理西域的模式和大致范围。

In Dayuan Battle,the army of the Central Plains for the first time marched into the Fergana basin from Dunhuang.Through the long campaign,the Central Plains army,represented by Li Guangli,obtained better knowledge of the diversity of the geographical environment in the western regions and the importance of logistics recharge in the long range operations.It also prompted the Central Plains to establish the corresponding management mechanism and the military institutions to maintain the rule in the western regions exactly as the Protectorate of the Western Regions of West Han Dynasty and the Anxi Frontier Command of Tang Dynasty.Meanwhile,the regional definition in the western regions of the Central Plains Dynasty has been determined not to overstep the Fergana Basin.In addition,the influence of the Dayuan Battle on the Central Plains Dynasty's Governance of the Western Regions was carried over in later generations.