工业遗产视角下的新中国“四三方案”工业引进计划追溯

RESEARCH ON “43 PLAN” OF INDUSTRIAL IMPORT PROGRAM IN CHINA FROM THE VIEW OF INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE

新中国现代工业基础与＂156项援建工程＂密不可分,而工业等级的提高和丰富则离不开＂四三方案＂计划。中苏交恶后,为了进一步提高我国工业发展的速度和质量,工业技术引进对象转向欧美日等资本主义国家。一项高达43亿美元的大规模工业引进计划（史称＂四三方案＂）在20世纪70年代中期集中展开,不仅对我国现代工业的发展产生重要影响,而且为＂改革开放思想＂的确立起到了推动作用。通过对这段历史的追溯,尝试分析和探讨＂四三方案＂对我国现代工业门类、工业等级、工业布局以及工业建筑的影响,以期进一步完善和丰富我国工业遗产研究的深度和广度。

The modern industrial base of China is inextricably linked with ＂156 projects for assistance in construction＂,and the improvement and enrichment of the industrial grade cannot be separated from the ＂43 Plan＂program. After the Sino-Soviet confrontation,in order to further improve the speed and quality of China＇s industrial development,the introduction of industrial technology has shifted to European,American,Japanese and capitalist countries. A large-scale industrial import program of up to 4. 3 billion US dollars（known as the ＂43 Plan＂） was launched in the middle 1970 s,not only had an important impact on the development of China＇s modern industry,but has also played a role in promoting the establishment of the ＂ideas of reform and opening up＂. The paper analyzed and explored the influence of the ＂43 Plan＂on China＇s modern industrial categories,industrial grades,industrial layout,and industrial construction through the trace of history,in order to further improve and enrich the depth and breadth of China＇s industrial heritage research.