不同栽培方式与追钾时间对烤烟光合特性、钾含量及产质量的影响

Effects of different cultivation methods and potassium topdressing time on photosynthetic characteristics,potassium content,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco

采用田间试验,研究了不同地膜覆盖、不同追钾时间及揭膜后不同培土次数对烤烟光合特性、钾含量及产质量的影响。结果表明,较其他处理,黑白配色膜覆盖+移栽后30 d追钾+揭膜后培土2次处理显著增强烟叶光合性能,助于烤烟干物质的积累,且其烟叶钾含量及积累量显著高于其他处理,常规化学成分最协调,产量产值最高。就追钾时间而言,普通白膜覆盖在移栽后45 d追钾比移栽后30 d追钾效果更佳,而黑白配色膜覆盖在烟苗移栽后30 d追钾肥却比移栽后45 d追钾效果要佳。较揭膜后培土1次处理,揭膜培土2次的处理更有利于烟株的生长发育。综合分析可得,对砂质壤土而言,黑白配色膜覆盖+30 d追钾+揭膜后培土2次的栽培方式能有效增强烟株光合性能,提高烟叶钾含量及产质量。

The effects of mulching,topdressing potassium and ridging times on the photosynthetic characteristics,potassium content,yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied by the field experiment,and the test material was Zhongyan 100.The results indicated that the treatment of black and white plastic mulch ＋ potassium after tobacco transplanting 30 d ＋ ridging twice significantly enhanced photosynthetic performance and promoted the dry matter of flue-cured tobacco,and its potassium content and accumulation was significantly higher than other treatments,it had more appropriate chemical components and higher output compared with other treatments. For normal mulch treatment,top dressing potassium was better being applied after transplanting 45 d than 30 d,while for black and white mulch treatment it was better after transplanting 30 d than 45 d. Twice ridging treatment had more favorable effect on growth of tobacco than ridging one time. Based on these results,the black and white plastic mulch ＋ potassium after tobacco transplanting 30 d ＋ ridging twice treatment could effectively enhance the photosynthetic performance and improve the potassium content and yield and quality of tobacco leaves.