硫肥对小油菜产量、品质及生理特征的影响

Effects of sulfur fertilizer on yield,quality and physiological characteristic of rape(Brassica Chinensis L. )

利用盆栽试验研究不同硫肥施用量对小油菜产量、品质和叶片生理特征的影响。结果表明,硫肥显著提高了小油菜鲜重,且随施硫量的增加呈先增加后降低的抛物线变化。施60 kg/hm^2硫肥处理叶片鲜重较对照增加20.4%,硝酸盐含量显著减少15.5%;并且施硫增加了叶片可溶性糖和Vc含量,但不同施硫处理间差异不显著。小油菜叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率、硝酸还原酶和谷氨酰胺合成酶均随生育期的进行呈上升趋势;同一生育期内以60和90 kg/hm^2施硫处理增加最为显著。施30、60和90 kg/hm^2硫处理较对照显著提高叶片超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,但施120 kg/hm^2硫处理与对照差异不显著。因此,施60~90 kg/hm^2硫肥可改善叶片氮素代谢酶活性,延缓叶片衰老,提高小油菜产量和品质。

In order to ensure the safe production and reasonable fertilization of rape,a pot experiment was conducted to research the effect of different rate sulfur fertilization on yield,quality and leaf physiological characteristic. Results showed that the application of sulfur significantly increased rape yield in compare with control treatment,and the yield showed a parabola law with the increase of sulfur. The application of 60 kg/hm^2 sulfur significantly increased the fresh weight by 20. 4% and reduced the nitrate content of leaves by 15. 5%. Sulfur fertilization increased the soluble sugar and Vc concentration compared with CK,but showed no difference among all the sulfur fertilization treatments. The chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate,nitrate reductase and glutamine synthase showed an increasing trend with the growth period,the application of 60 and 90 kg/hm^2 sulfur treatments were the highest in the same growth period. The application of 30,60 and 90 kg/hm^2 sulfur fertilization significantly improved the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. However,the application of 120 kg/hm^2 sulfur treatment showed no significant difference with CK. Thus,the application of 60 ~ 90 kg/hm^2 sulfur improved activity of nitrogen metabolism enzymes,delayed the leaf senscense,and also increased rape yield and quality.