适配体生物传感器在黄曲霉毒素检测中的应用

The application of aptamer based biosensor on aflatoxin detection

适配体是由经典的指数富集配体系统进化技术(SELEX)筛选得到的,能与多种目标物质高特异性、高选择性结合的寡核苷酸序列。适配体由于具有制备简便、特异性强、稳定性好等优点,已被广泛应用于生物传感器领域。黄曲霉毒素是由真菌黄曲霉和寄生曲霉产生的一类强毒性的次生代谢产物,是自然界中已发现的理化性质最稳定的一类真菌毒素。在黄曲霉毒素主要亚型中,黄曲霉毒素B1的毒性最强、污染范围最广。文章主要针对基于荧光信号、比色信号、电化学信号、拉曼信号4大类型的适配体生物传感器在黄曲霉毒素B1检测中的应用进行了综述。

Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides of DNA or RNA sequences that are selected by in vitro selection process called the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment （SELEX） and can be combined with a variety of target substances with high specificity and high selectivity. These oligonucleotides are considered promising recognition elements for biosensor applications because of their advantages such as simple preparation, strong specificity, and better stability. Aflatoxin is a kind of highly toxic secondary metabolite produced by aspergillus flavus and parasitic aspergillus. It is the most stable type of mycotoxin in nature. Aflatoxin B1 has the strongest toxicity and the most extensive contamination in the main subtypes of aflatoxin. The application of aptasensor based on fluorescence signal, colorimetric method, raman signal, and electrochemical signal for aflatoxin detection were reviewed.