二战时期苏联对外政策已刊档案文献综述

The Literature Review of the Issued Archives of the Soviet Union's Foreign Policy During the Second World War

已刊档案文献是研究二战时期苏联对外政策所必不可少的史料。20世纪80年代以前,苏联编辑了许多涉及战时外交各方面的文献资料集。出版这些文件集,一是宣传苏联外交政策的正确性,二是对西方刊布类似史料的回应。从80年代末起,苏联内外政策的变化,促使长期封存的外交档案被陆续解密,其中包括关于二战前夕和战争时期的苏联外交文件。苏联解体后,俄罗斯延续了这一做法,继续公开此类外交文献,披露一些苏联外交政策错误或失误。普京当政后,战时苏联外交档案的刊布,更多在于突出苏联大国地位的确立和正面的国际形象。文章系统梳理了苏联和俄罗斯刊布的二战时期苏联对外政策已刊档案的脉络,分析刊布的动机、新近解密内容、与西方观点的差异,弥补了二战时期苏联对外政策档案的缺失;西方编辑出版战时外交文件集,尽管也受冷战思维的影响,但仍有积极意义,因为这不仅倒逼苏联公开自己的材料,而且有利于相关史料的考证。

The issued archives have been the indispensable historical materials for studying Soviet Union＇s foreign policy during World War 11. Before the 1980s,the Soviet Union had edited and published a number of documents and materials related to various aspects of wartime diplomacy in order to demonstrate the correctness of their policies and to respond to Western publications with similar historical materials. Since the end of the 1980s,changes in the internal and external policies of the Soviet Union have prompted the long storage of diplomatic archives to be declassified, including Soviet diplomatic documents on the eve and during the World War 11. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Russia continued this practice and continued to disclose such diplomatic documents, revealing some faults the former Soviet Union had made. But after Putin came to power,the publication focus shifted to highlight Russia＇s international positive sta tus and image. The article systematically reviews the issued archives of the Soviet Union＇s foreign policies during World War 11 and analyzes the publication motives,the newly decrypted content,and the different perspectives compared to the Western societies,whose issued diplomatic document collection, although in fluenced by the Cold War mentality,still has positive significance,because it not only forces the Soviet U nion to disclose its own materials,but also is helpful to the research of relevant historical materials.