医务人员职业暴露的危险因素及对策分析

Analysis of Risk Factors and Strategies of Occupational Exposure of Medical Staff

目的分析医务人员职业暴露的危险因素,为制定相应的防护措施提供依据。方法回顾性分析2014年7月—2017年6月全院发生的59例职业暴露案例资料。结果 59例医务人员职业暴露中,护士为职业暴露高危人群,职业暴露发生率为52.5%;总结锐器暴露方式,锐器刺伤或划伤发生率最高,所占比例为79.7%;患者血液体液污染职业暴露,患有血源性传播性疾病32例,其中梅毒感染10例(16.9%),乙型病毒性肝炎感染感染21例(35.6%),HIV感染1例(1.7%);59例职业暴露伤后1、3、6、12个月追踪随访患者的血清学指标,无感染个案发生。结论加强对医务人员职业暴露防护方面的培训,提高医务人员自我保护意识,规范医护操作,健全防护管理制度,可有效保护医务人员的职业安全。

Objective To analyze the risk factors and Provide a basis for developing appropriate protective measures. Methods The occupational exposure data of 50 cases in our hospital from July 2014 to June 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of 59 cases, the nurses were the occupational exposure high-risk group, and the incidence rate of occupational ex- posure was 52.5%, and the incidence rate of sharp stabs or scratches was the highest, accounting for 79.7%, and there were 32 cases with blood borne diseases, including 10 cases with syphilis infection （16.9%）,21 cases with viral hepatitis B infec- tion（35.6%）,l case with HIV infection（1.7%）, and the serum indicators of 59 cases after the occupational exposure injury for 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months were traced and followed up, and the infection did not occur. Conclusion We should enhance the training of occupational exposure prevention of medical staff, improve the self-protection awareness, standardize the medical operation, and improve the prevention and management system thus effectively protecting the occu- pational safety of medical staff.