手足口病的流行病学特征及防控措施

Epidemiological Characteristics and Prevention and Control Measures of Hand,Foot and Mouth Disease

目的:探讨手足口病的流行病学特征,为手足口病的防控提供相关依据。方法:对笔者所在医院感染性疾病科2015年1月-2017年12月诊治的761例手足口病患儿的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:患者以0～5岁病例居多(78.8%)。人群分类以幼托儿童和散居儿童为主,分别占发病总数的44.02%和42.31%。6～8月为发病高峰,占总病例数的72.4%。143例手足口病咽拭子标本进行病原学检测,其中柯萨奇病毒A16型(CoxA16)、肠道病毒71型(EV71)、柯萨奇病毒A6型(CoxA6)和其他肠道病毒分别占32.17%、17.48%、10.49%和27.97%。结论:依据手足口病的流行病学特征,有针对性地加强预防和控制,以降低手足口病发病率。

Objective：To explore the epidemiological characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease（HFMD） and provide relevant evidence for the prevention and control of HFMD.Method：The clinical data of 761 children with HFMD diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2017 were analyzed retrospectively.Result：The majority of patients were 0-5 years old（78.8%）.The population classification was dominated by childcare and scattered children,accounting for 44.02% and 42.31% of the total incidence respectively.The peak was mainly from June to August,accounting for 72.4% of the total number of cases.143 cases of HFMD were examined by pathology.Among them,the coxsackievirus A16（Cox A16）,enterovirus 71（EV71）,coxsackievirus A6（Cox A6） and other intestinal viruses accounted for 32.17%,17.48%,10.49% and 27.97% respectively.Conclusion：According to the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD,the prevention and control of HFMD should be strengthened in order to reduce the incidence of HFMD.