莫迪执政以来印度海洋安全战略的观念与实践

Concepts and Practices of Indian Maritime Security Strategy in the Modi Administration

2014年莫迪执政以来,引领印度经济持续快速发展,印度对外贸易、国内民生与国家安全对海洋的依赖越来越高。莫迪政府清醒认识到海洋特别是印度洋对印度的安全与发展的关键意义,并于2015年起适时调整海洋安全战略,将2007年确立的以"自由使用海洋"为主题的海上军事战略调整为以"确保安全的海洋"为主题的海洋安全战略。这说明印度在自由使用海洋的过程中,遭遇了多样的海上安全挑战。海上的安全风险直接影响到印度的对外贸易和海上运输、海洋经济活动的展开、海岸和港口城市的安全、海外资产与海外公民的安全,最终危及印度的国家安全。印度调整海上安全战略,明确以印度洋地区为首要利益区,同时加强以印度海军为主体的海上安全保障力量,为之确立多样任务目标下的军事战略,并积极采取有针对性的海上军事行动。同时,印度政府还通过外交手段,与周边邻国、关键的地区大国或国家集团以及全球大国建立双边和多边海上安全机制来应对多样的海上安全威胁,维护海洋安全,最终服务于印度的经济发展和国家安全,并为印度寻求印度洋的主导地位积累资本、创造条件。

Since Modi took office in 2014,India has been enjoying sound and sustained economic development,which led to an increased dependence of India's foreign trade,domestic livelihood and national security on oceans.The Modi administration is fully aware that the oceans,especially the Indian Ocean,are playing a crucial role in India's security and prosperity.Therefore,in 2015,India's maritime security strategy was adjusted in a timely manner,changing the theme of the maritime military strategy from"free use of the sea" to "ensuring a safe ocean".This move shows that India have encountered various maritime security challenges in the"free use of the sea".Security risks on the sea and from the sea have a direct impact on India's foreign trade,marine transportation,the expansion of marine economic activities,the safety of coastal and port cities,the security of overseas assets and citizens and the risks will ultimately endanger India's national security.In the adjusted maritime security strategy,the Modi administration clarifies that the India Ocean area is India's primary interest zone and the Indian navy is the backbone of maritime security safeguard with diversified maritime military strategies to accomplish missions and positive efforts to take targeted military actions.Meanwhile,the Modi administration,through diplomacy,has been endeavoring to build bilateral and multilateral maritime security mechanisms with its neighboring countries,key regional powers or groups of countries as well as global powers to address multi-faceted maritime security threats,safeguard maritime security and ultimately serve India's economic development and state security,seek the dominant position of India in the Indian Ocean by accumulating capital and creating favorable conditions.