“一带一路”安全保障体系构建中的私营安保公司研究

Research on Private Security Companies in the Construction of the “Belt and Road” Security System

国际私营安保市场已形成政府、国际组织、产业和社会代表多方参与的国际治理架构。中国海外利益维护的安全产品市场化结构比较单一,提供主体主要是国家政府,这种"唯一性"致使"发展中国家式"的国际安全领域产业基础供给与"发达国家式"的海外安全需求间存在严重的结构失衡。目前,中国私营安保服务公司面临安保服务频次急剧增加、安保服务对象越来越多元、安保服务内容日趋专业等较好发展机遇;但同时由于中国安保服务公司成立时间较晚,也存在一些发展上的问题。"一带一路"建设需要多元化的安全保障体系,既要外交保护、领事保护、执法保护;同时也需要私营安保公司等非国家行为体力量的支持参与。要在坚持总体国家安全观的基础上,站在全球治理的高度理解和设计中国海外私营安保的发展,遵从私营安全领域的国际运行规则,着力推动中国海外安全保护治理体系结构的顶层设计,加快境外安保市场化改革步伐,逐步形成政府主导、市场企业参与、社会民间促进的立体格局。构建"一带一路"安保体系,可重点根据中国海外利益保护的特点、方式,充分发挥私营安保公司在风险评估、情报支持、后勤支援、现场保护、安全培训、战略咨询与设计、紧急撤退和紧急医疗服务等方面的作用,构建全方位多元化的安全保障体系。

The international private security market has developed into a new international governance architecture involving governments,international organizations,industries and social representatives.The market structure of the security goods that safeguard China's overseas interests is fairly unitary with the main provider being the national government.This leads to a serious structural imbalance between the low supply and high demand in China's international security market.At present,private security companies in China are facing a golden opportunity for their business development with increased service frequency,diversified customers and elevated professionalism.However,the security service companies in China still have some business problems due to the relatively late start.The"Belt and Road"construction requires a pluralistic national security system which encompasses not only diplomatic,consular and law enforcement protection but also active involvement of such non-State actors as private security companies.The development strategy of the private security companies in China should serve China's overall national security outlook,contribute to global governance,follow the international private security operating regulations,accelerate the design of the Chinese governance system of overseas security protection,and speed up the market-oriented reforms of China's overseas security services.The ultimate goal is to establish a government-led security system in which not only government agencies but also enterprises and other social,non-governmental forces can play an active role.In accordance with the characteristics of China's overseas interests protection,a comprehensive range of compatible methods should be used in the construction of the"Belt and Road"security system,bringing into full play the diversified roles of private security companies in risk assessment,intelligence support,logistical back-up,on-site protection,security training,strategic consulting and designing,emergency evacuation and emergency medical services.Only by doing so can a wide-ranging and multi-faceted security system be set up.