介入,还是不介入?这是一个问题?——关于人类学介入客观性的思考

To Intervent or not to Intervent? Is this a Question?:Reflections on the Intervention of Anthropology in Objectivity

讨论介入人类学不得不直面的核心问题:研究者介入的行动和倡导的价值主张是否具有客观性?研究者的介入是基于个人的经验、经历、情感以及实质的或象征的利益,在此情况下其活动及其后果如何具有普遍性和公正性?为此从科学研究应坚持"价值中立"立场这一信条开始。这一立场是坚持科学研究与价值介入有区别的关键。指出在坚持事实与价值二分的前提下,上述问题是无解的。直到最近一些年出现"本体论转向"才使上述问题的消除有了新的思路。从当下人类学本体论视角,事实与价值纠缠不再被视为认识相对主义,而具有本体性意义。建议介入人类学者,首先要按照传统人类学的方式进行深入调查和观察——这是对物理对象研究的要求。通过深入调查从而获得对包括当地社区、人和周遭世界的理解和同理心。其次,研究者需要与当地说话者对话,要与当地人民一起工作。双方在面对共同世界基础上进行彻底解释。再次,在调查研究和一起工作基础上,试图确认和解决问题。

Discussing the core issue that intervention anthropologists have to face directly： Is the action and value proposition of researchers involved objective？ Researchers＇ involvement is based on personal experience, experience, emotion and substantial or symbolic interests. How is the universality and impartiality of their activities and their consequences in this case？ For this reason, the doctrine of ＂value neutrality＂ should be adhered to from scientific research. This position is the key to sticking to the difference between scientific research and value intervention. It is pointed out that under the premise of adhering to the two points of fact and value, there is no solution to the above problems. Until recently, the ＂ontological turn＂ had brought new ideas to the elimination of these problems. From the perspective of current anthropological ontology, fact and value entanglement are no longer regarded as cognitive relativism, but have ontological significance. It is suggested that interventional anthropologists should first conduct in- depth investigation and observation in accordance with traditional anthropological methods - this is the requirement for the study of physical objects. Through in -depth investigation, we get the understanding and empathy of the world, including the local com- munity, people and the world around us. Secondly, researchers need to talk with local speakers and work with local people. The two sides have a thorough explanation on the basis of the common world. Thirdly, on the basis of investigation and research, we try to identify and solve problems.