少数民族农牧业转移人口市民化的困境与出路

Plight and Countermeasure of Citizenization of Migration of Ethnic Minority for the Agriculture and Animal Husbandry

市民化是农牧业人口城市化和现代化的过程和结果,具有居住地转移、职业转型、身份转变、素质提升和权(利)力获得等"五位一体"的特点。受生计方式转型难、教育水平低、宗教文化特殊、农牧业文化与城市文明冲突等因素影响,少数民族农牧业转移人口市民化进程步履维艰。解决少数民族农牧业转移人口市民化过程中遇到的困难,既需要其自身努力,也需要政府引导和支持,更需要社会其他力量帮扶。

Being the process and result of urbanization and modernization of population for agriculture and animal husbandry, citizenization has such five features as shifting residence, shifting career, shifting identity, improving quality and acquiring right. However, the process of citizenization faces many troubles because of shifting means of livelihood, low education, special religion, culture of agriculture and animal husbandry and the colliding with city civilization. Therefore, three efforts from different aspects could be adopted to resolve such plight, that is, the effort from ethnic minority, the effort from the government, and the effort from other social power.