亚里士多德的明智德性与共和政体的生成

Aristotle's Phronêsis and the Formation of Politeia

在亚里士多德的实践哲学中,明智是城邦生活的主德。君主制和贵族制下的统治者拥有明智德性是毋庸置疑的。作为多数人统治而又轮流执政的共和政体,统治者是否具有明智德性?答案是肯定的。实现的途径是"教化中产阶级",先教化中产阶级中天赋优异者使其成为立法者,然后借助良法的教化作用,达到对中产阶级的教化。而具备明智德性的共和政体也就是贵族政体的一型,亚里士多德的共和政体既是现实可行的政体,也是向理想政体开放的政体。

Among Aristotle＇s practical philosiphy,phronêsis is the chief virtue of the poleis life. There is no doubt that phronêsis can be found in the rulers of Monarchy and Aristocracy. But whether rulers of politeia which is governed by the majority in turn are phronêsis？ The answer is yes. The way to achieve phronêsis is by＂educating the middle class＂. Firstly,it should educate the gifted men in the middle class,and then make them become the legislator of the states,and finally they can civilize the whole middle class through the appropriate legislation. The politeia that equiped with phronêsis can be regarded as a typical Aristocracy. So it is reasonable to claim that the politeia is not only a feasible polity,but also a polity that embraces ideal.