《史记》对陶渊明之影响探微

Probing into the Influence of Sima Qian's Historical Records on Tao Yuanming

陶渊明作为一位优秀的文学家,他对《史记》的继承是自觉的、有意的,而《史记》对其影响也是深刻的、多方面的。陶渊明对于传统的天道观和儒家思想体现出了一种鲜明的怀疑和否定精神,从近的一方面讲,这固然是受魏晋这个充满叛逆精神的时代熏染所致,而从远的一方面讲,正可追源于《史记》的影响;司马迁和陶渊明都具有一颗伟大而孤寂的心灵,他们身上共同体现了一种珍视友情的思想,尤其是对"知己"的共同渴慕;陶渊明和司马迁都具有浓厚的仁者情怀,对于历史上那些"不遇"的士人的不幸遭际都体现出一种深厚的同情和怜悯之情;在创作精神上,司马迁的"发愤著书"思想为陶渊明所继承,从而使得其某些作品展现出一种迥异于平淡、静穆之外的慷慨、豪迈风格。

As an excellent writer, Tao Yuanming inherited Historical Records consciously and intentionally, and Historical Re-cords had a profound and multifaceted influence on him. Tao Yuanming holding the idea of traditional Taoist temple and Confucian thought reflects a distinct spirit of doubt and negation, on the one hand, which is affected by the Wei and Jin dynasty period of re-bellious spirit, and on the other hand, we can derive it from the influence of Historical Records. Both Sima Qian and Tao Yuanming had a great and lonely heart. They both embodied the thought of cherishing friendship, especially the common desire for wbosom friends”. Tao Yuanming and Sima Qian both had strong feelings of benevolence, and they all showed a deep sympathy and pity for the sufferings of those scholars who never met in history. In the spirit of creation, Sima Qian＇ s thought of writing books with angerw was inherited by Tao Yuanming, which made some of his works show a generous and heroic style which was different from solemnity and quietness.