郭象本性观之再诠释

The Reinterpretation of Guo Xiang's View of Nature

本性观是郭象哲学思想的基石:逍遥观、齐物观、自生独化说等皆基于其上。郭象之本性观的基本特征:一是突出本性的分别性、差异性;二是突出本性的分域性;三是突出本性内容的驳杂性;四是突出本性的平等性;五是突出本性的命定性、法则性。郭象之本性是气性,"用气为性,性成命定"。郭象否定本原说,又否定圣人的教化作用,故不能在气性上逆显一理而寓于心,以转化和提升气性,即否定心之"化性起伪"作用。郭象之本性观没有本体论的特征。性,即命,即理,有规定、法则的意义,不是某种存在者或某种力量,即本性不是事物生成和变化的内在原因和根据。气之结聚或血气的力量(生命的力量)支配着事物的生成变化,必须遵循性、命、理的规定和要求;性、命、理之规定的内容,随着事物的生成变化,而逐渐地展现出来。

The view of nature is the foundation of Guo Xiang＇s philosophic ideology： his views of carefreeness, of uniformity of all things and of autogenic independence are all based on it. Guo Xiang＇s view of nature has five basic characteristics： first, it emphasizes on the distinction and diversity of natures; second, it highlights the different domains of natures; third, it manifests the complexity of natures＇ content; fourth, it accents the equality of na- tures; fifth, it stresses the determinism and regularity of natures. Guo Xiang＇s view of na- ture is the view about Qi. ＂Qi is used to make the nature, and when the nature is formed, the destiny is ordained. ＂ Guo Xiang denied the theory of arche, and the enlightenment function of saints. As a result, he believed it is impossible for Qi to reveal the principle in one＇s mind, and thus to he transformed and promoted. Therefore, Guo Xiang denied that one＇s nature could be educated by his mind. Guo Xiang＇s view of nature has no common fea- tures of ontology. Nature is destiny and principle, and bears the meaning of rule. It is not a kind of existent or power, so it is not the internal cause and basis for the generation and changes of things. However, the control of the generation and changes of things by the power of the convergence of Qi or Xueqi （the power of life） must abide by the rules and re- quirements of nature, destiny and principle. The content ruled by nature, destiny and prin- ciple gradually unfolds along with the generation and changes of things.