交强险中被保险人身份的内涵确定

The Determination of Connotation of the Insured's Identity in the Compulsory Automobile Insurance

为使交通事故受害人在所有情况中均能获得同等保护,被保险人的范围应尽可能广泛,但《交强险条例》第42条第2项的定义不合理地限制了被保险人的范围。在法定的被保险人定义中,投保人仅指订立保险合同的实际投保人,而非所有投保义务人。实际投保人与具名被保险人并不必然具有实质意义上的被保险人身份,应根据保险事故发生时其是否承担损害赔偿责任进行判断。附加被保险人定义中的"允许"得由"投保人"及"经投保人同意者"授予,是否获得允许应综合考虑当事人之间的关系、生活习惯等因素。基于占有的权利推定效力,主张占有人未获使用许可者,应负举证责任。"合法驾驶人"要件实际上是对被保险人所负担的不真正义务的规定,不仅适用于具名被保险人,也适用于附加被保险人。在与受害人的外部关系上应当限制被保险人身份的对外效力,未得"投保人允许"及违反不真正义务仅使保险人取得追偿权。现行法上对不符合被保险人定义的驾驶人所导致的交通事故中受害人保护所作的诸多不利限制有违受害人保护之立法目的,应予消除。

To ensure the victims of traffic accidents receive equal protection in all cases, the scope of the insured shall be as wide as possible. However, the definition of Section 42 （2） of the Traffic Insurance Ordinance unreason- ably limits the scope of the insured. In the statutory definition of the insured, the applicant only refers to one who has entered into a contract of insurance but not all insurance applicants with application eligibility. The actual ap- plicant and the named insured do not necessarily have the status of the insured in the real sense. It should be judged according to whether they are liable for damages at the time of the accident. The ＂permission＂ in the addi- tional definition of the insured shall be granted by the ＂applicant＂ and ＂the person with consent of the applicant＂. Whether the permission is to be obtained should take into account the relationship between the parties, living habits and other factors. In line with presumption of validity on the basis of possession, a possessor without the permission to use shall bear the burden of proof. The ＂legal driver＂ element is in fact the provision of an untrue obligation to the insured ,which applies not only to the named insured, but also to the additional insured. The external effect of the insured~ status should be restricted in the external relations with the victim. Failing to obtain the ＂permission of the applicant＂ and breaching of the untrue obligation enable the insurer to obtain the right of recourse only. In the current law, many unfavorable restrictions on the protection of victims in traffic accidents caused by drivers who do not meet the definition of the insured. This is contrary to the legislative purpose of victim protection and should be e- liminated.