《四时纂要》所见唐代乡村的疾病防治

Disease Control in Rural Society in Tang Dynasty Recorded in Essential Farm Activities in All Four Seasons

《四时纂要》是我国古代著名的农书,不仅收录了大量的农业生产技术,亦包含了丰富的医药卫生知识,是我们研究唐代乡村社会的重要史料。书中记载的疾病防治条目可分为占卜择日与疾病预测、岁时节日与辟疫习俗、药用植物与治病方剂三大部分,虽然混杂了不少迷信和巫术的色彩,但亦有民间生活经验的合理成分,较为完整地反映了唐代农人内心世界的疾病恐慌,以及对疾病如何产生的认知和为了应对疾病带来的伤亡所采取的防治措施。对《四时纂要》中的疾病防治研究有利于拓展唐代疾病史的文献来源,进一步弥补了正史和医籍的不足。

Essential Farm Activities in All Four Seasons is a famous agricultural hook compiled in ancient China, which records not only a lot of agricultural technologies, but also rich medical knowledge. Therefore, the book is an important historical material for people to study the rural society in the Tang Dynasty. Disease prevention and treatment items recorded in the book can be divided into three parts： date selection by divination ＆ disease prediction, festivals ＆ disease control customs and medicinal plants ＆ treatment prescription. Although the book is mixed with certain superstition and witchcraft, there are also reasonable contents about folk life experience which reflects the panic of farmers in the Tang Dynasty, their cognition of generation of diseases, and the prevention and control measures to deal with casualties caused by diseases. The research on this book is conducive to expanding historical sources of researches on disease history in the Tang Dynasty and to further making up for deficiencies of official history and medical records.