寄生虫细胞外囊泡的研究现状及展望

Extracellular vesicles of parasites:research development and prospect

细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是细胞旁分泌释放到细胞外的膜性小囊泡,几乎所有类型的细胞均可以产生并释放细胞外囊泡,外泌体(exosomes,Exo)、微囊泡(microvesicles,MVs)等均在其范畴,作为细胞间信号传导的重要方式,其功能已成为当前生命科学研究中的热点。研究表明,细胞外囊泡在多种寄生虫中均能分泌,且广泛参与虫体感染宿主及致病的生理过程,有望成为相关疾病诊断的生物标志物、治疗靶点或工具,具有广阔的应用前景。本文重点对主要的致病寄生虫分泌的细胞外囊泡及其生理功能进行综述。

Extracellular vesicles（EVs） are vesicles released by cells. Almost all types of cells can produce and release EVs. Exosomes（Exo） and microvesicles（MVs） are two types of EVs. As an important approach for cell-cell signaling through fusion with target cells, the EVs have received much attention in recent years. Secretion of EVs has been identified in a wide range of parasites, and participates in parasitic infections. EVs may serve as a biomarker for disease diagnosis, and therapeutic targets or tools. In this review, we provide an overview on the parasite-associated EVs and their physiological functions.