标准近视力表和交叉格子法在现役飞行员老视诊断中的对比研究

Comparative Study Between Standard Near Visual Acuity Chart and Cross Grid on the Diagnosis of Presbyopia in Pilots on Active Duty

目的比较标准近视力表和交叉格子法在现役飞行员中对老视的诊断情况。方法随机抽选某航空公司324名现役飞行员,共648眼,以标准近视力表和交叉格子法分别检测近视力,以配对卡方检验评估两种检测方法的优劣。结果以标准近视力表检出老视370眼,交叉格子法检查老视症飞行员407眼,标准近视力表对老视的检出率仍明显低于交叉格子法(P=0.001);分层分析发现,标准近视力表在中国籍及40岁以下组和41~45岁组飞行员中对老视的检出率仍明显低于交叉格子法(P<0.001、P=0.007和P=0.031),而在外籍和46岁以上组飞行员中,两种检测方法的检出率相当(P=0.345和P=0.607)。结论在现役飞行员中单纯应用标准近视力表评估近视力是不全面的,会低估老视的患病率,但在外籍和46岁以上的现役飞行员中,标准近视力表可以完全替代交叉格子法。

Objective Compared with the standard chart and cross grid method in presbyopia diagnosis of pilots.Methods Randomly selected 324 pilots,648 eyes in an Airlines. The near vision was detected by standard near visual acuity chart and cross grid method,and the two methods were evaluated by paired chi square analysis. Results 370 eyes of presbyopia were detected by standard near visual acuity chart,407 eyes of presbyopia were detected by cross grid method,the detection rate of standard near visual chart was significantly lower than the cross grid method（ P = 0. 001）;hierarchical analysis revealed,in Chinese group and under 40 years and 41-45 years age group,the presbyopia detection rate of standard near visual acuity chart is still significantly lower than the cross grid method（ P〈0. 001、P = 0. 007和 P = 0. 031）,among the foreigners and over 46 years age group,the detection rates of the two methods were equivalent（ P = 0. 345 和 P = 0. 607）. Conclusions The simple application of standard near visual acuity chart in pilots in the near visual acuity assessment is not comprehensive,may underestimate the prevalence of presbyopia,but in foreigners and over 46 years old pilots,the standard near visual acuity chart can completely replace the cross grid method.