北京市24家医院护理人员针刺伤状况调查

Investigation of needlestick injuries among nursing staffs from 24 hospitals in Beijing

目的探讨北京市24家医院护理人员针刺伤状况,为预防控制提供参考。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,对24家医院在编女性护理人员进行调查,获得有效问卷3 544份,采用Excel和应用SPSS 17.0统计软件对调查数据进行统计分析。结果 3 544名护理人员,发生针刺伤454例(922人次),发生率12.8%。其中,针刺伤发生率最高的是18岁~年龄组(占16.5%),低于10年工龄组(占15%),高中或中专人员占13.7%,无职称人员占15.7%,技术岗位占13.2%,肿瘤科占21.3%,参加培训1~3次人员占13.6%;年龄、工龄、科室及培训次数分布中,各组内发生率差别有统计学意义;发生环节中,抽吸药液居首位(占28.4%),注射器是造成针刺伤的主要器具(占36.6%),治疗室是发生针刺伤主要场所(占44.4%);个人粗心是主要发生原因(占34.3%);器具污染中,比例最高的是药品(占36.4%);携带病原体情况,不清楚携带何种病原体的比例最高(占67.9%);发生针刺伤后,规范消毒的比例最高,占53.1%。结论 24家医院护理人员针刺伤发生率较高,应加强防护知识培训,规范操作流程,配备防护用品,完善报告流程,进一步降低针刺伤发生风险。

Objective To investigate the condition of needlestick injuries among nursing staffs from 24 hospitals in Beijing,and to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the injuries. Methods Stratified cluster sampling was used to investigate the female nursing staffs from the hospitals in Beijing,and 3 544 valid questionnaires were obtained. The data were analyzed by Excel and SPSS 17. 0 software. Results Among the 3 544 nursing staffs,454 needlestick injuries（ 922 persons） occurred,and the incidence was 12. 8%. The highest incidence of needlestick injury was in the 18-year old group,accounting for 16. 5%. The incidence in 10 years of work life group was 15%; in high school or secondary school group it was 13. 7%; in no title group it was 15. 7%,in technical posts group it was 13. 2%. In oncology department it was 21. 3% and it was13. 6% among persons received 1-3 times of training. The differences of the incidences in groups by age,work life,department and training times were statistically significant. Aspiration of liquid medicine was step with highest incidence of injury,accounting for 28. 4%. The main apparatus of needlestick injury was syringe,accounting for 36. 6%. The therapeutic room is the major site of the injury,accounting for 44. 4%. Personal carelessness was the main cause,accounting for 34. 3%.The highest proportion of the instrument contamination was drugs,accounting for 36. 4%. The highest proportion was unclear of pathogen contamination,accounting for 67. 9%. After the needle prick wound,the proportion of standardized disinfection was the highest,accounting for 53. 1%. Conclusion The incidence of needlestick injury among nursing staffs in Beijing was rather high. Training,protococol standardization,personal protection and reporting procedure should be improved to,reduce the risk of needle injury.