攘争与让予中的德行——葛兰言的中国封建等级制发生学研究

Morality Embedded in Competition and Bestow:On Marcel Granet's Theory of the Genesis of Feudal Hierarchy in China

在对古代中国文明进行研究时,葛兰言将古代中国的乡村与城市所代表的两种社会形态关联起来,呈现了由平等同质的共同体到等级阶序的封建王权之社会类型的演化过程,并围绕圣地的神圣性表达与声望的等级性竞争的考察,就上古中国的封建王权和等级制度的社会发生学机制展开讨论。葛氏的这一研究无疑对莫斯的政治发生学讨论进行了极为关键的补充完善,体现了人类学基于对古典文明的研究来提炼出富有社会理论启发意义之议题的可能。

In his research on ancient Chinese civilization,Marcel Granet proposes two related social forms：rural and city. He then analyzes how the transformation from a community based on equality to a hierarchical feudal society happened in ancient China. By inquiring the sacredness of sacred space and the competition for prestige,he also discusses the genesis of the feudal kingship and hierarchical institution. Granet＇s contribution is undoubtedly complementary to Marcel Mauss＇ genesis of politics,and thus provides a promising approach by which anthropological studies on the ancient civilization could put forward some inspiring social theories.