国内外塔吉克人历史文化研究的学术史梳理

A Review of the Academic Researches on the History and Culture of Tajiks

塔吉克民族是中亚地区最古老的土著居民,也是我国西北边疆最重要的跨国民族之一。作为中亚古代东伊朗居民的后裔,塔吉克人继承了古东伊朗的民族成分以及语言文化,并通过波斯帝国数百年的统治为中亚文明和城市文化的发展作出了重要贡献,逐渐形成了独具特色的民族传统文化。国内外对于塔吉克民族历史、文化、人口、迁徙等等问题的研究已有一定的成绩,从总体上来讲,苏俄学者以及中亚本土学者的研究更为全面细致,并设有相关研究机构以及专门的研究人员;英美等西方学者的研究更多地集中在地理、政治、民族关系、经济建设等方面,大多是对中亚和阿富汗境内塔吉克人的研究。相对来说,中国本土学者对于塔吉克民族的研究虽有一定的成果,但还不够全面深入,在有些问题的研究上也有所疏漏,仍需要进一步的深化。

Tajiks are the oldest resident in Central Asia,and also one of the most important transnational ethnic groups in the northwestern frontier of China. As a descendant of the old Eastern Iranian inhabitants,Tajiks inherited their ethnic composition and culture,and made important contributions to the development of the civilization and urban culture in Central Asian through the hundreds-year ruling of the Persian Empires,thus gradually formed a unique traditional culture. Some achievements have been made in the study of the history,culture,population and migration of Tajiks. In general,the researches of the Russian scholars and the Central Asian native scholars are more comprehensive and meticulous,and through them relevant research institutions and specialized researchers have appeared. In contrast,the Western scholars focused mainly on the geography,politics,ethnic relations and economic development of Tajiks,mostly by studying those people lived in Central Asia and Afghanistan. Comparatively speaking,although Chinese scholars have accomplished some achievements in this area,but there still a long way to go to fill the research gaps and enhance the breadth and depth of the study.