铁路货车运用效率对策探讨

A Study on the Strategies to Improve the Efficiency of Railway Freight Cars

实现铁路货运量大幅度增长,提升装备设施保障能力是关键因素之一。通过对近年来铁路货车运用和货物运量总体情况的描述,重点分析货车运用率、静载重、货车空率、检备率、周时、发送量、周转量等主要统计指标,概述货车运用与货运量变化趋势,基于货车拥有量与货物运量结构变化,特别是敞车拥有量与煤炭发送量的关系,综合评价货车车种与货物品类的结构关联,运用估评分析法预测货车运用情况,结合2018年货运量奋斗目标,提出运输组织挖潜提效、货车车种结构调整优化、货车购置多渠道融资等对策。

It is vital to enlarge the equipment＇s capacity to increase railway freight volumes substantially. This paper has summarized the relation between car operation efficiency and freight volumes from an overview of the two parameters in recent years focusing on such major statistical indicators as trains＇ operation rates, static load, vacancy rates, percentages of the trains detained for overhaul, turnaround time, shipment volumes and turnover volumes. Based on the relation between the numbers of cars and volumes, especially of the open cars and coal shipment, the paper has generalized the inner relation between car types and cargo categories. According to an estimation of freight transport by means of evaluation analysis and the goal of freight volume for 2018, this paper has concluded with the strategies to improve car freight efficiency： digging the potential of transport organization, optimizing the ratio among different types of freight cars and achieving multi-channel financing for purchasing freight cars.