基于语料库的泰国学生汉字书写偏误分析及教学对策

Error Analysis of Chinese Characters Writing in Thailand Learners Based on Corpus and the Corresponding Teaching Strategies

泰国学生汉字偏误类型主要为笔画偏误、部件偏误、用字偏误等3大类9小类。偏误产生的原因主要有:汉语自身特点及母语负迁移影响;学生汉字基础知识薄弱,对笔画数目、组合规则概念不熟悉;学生混淆部件形体引发汉字书写偏误;词汇量增加使学生识记汉字的压力加大,对汉字的音、义、形理解不当引发语内负迁移。相应的教学对策是:加强"汉—泰"语言之间的对比,减少母语负迁移影响;强化汉字笔画及其组合规则知识的教学,以提高学生汉字习得效率;同时还要重视独体字的教学,加强部件的对比分析;加强形声字的辨认与书写,熟记字义及相关词义的用法,减少汉字语内负迁移;发挥"互联网+"优势,开发汉字智能系统或智能APP。

The major types of Chinese characters errors in Thai students are divided into three major categories,9 minor categories,such as stroke errors,component errors and word errors. The main reasons for the errors are that the characteristics of Chinese and the negative influence of native language; the weak basic knowledge of Chinese characters,the unfamiliarity with the number of strokes and the concept of combination rules; the students confusing Chinese characters caused by part shapes. The pressure of Chinese vocabulary increasing,and improper understanding of the pronunciation,righteousness and form of Chinese characters lead to the negative transfer within the language. Corresponding teaching countermeasures are as follows： strengthening the contrast between Chinese and Thai languages and reducing the influence of negative transfer of native language; strengthening the teaching of Chinese characters strokes and their combination rules to improve students＇ efficiency of acquiring Chinese characters. At the same time we should also pay attention to the teaching of individual characters,strengthen the comparative analysis of components. We should strengthen the identification and writing of phonetic characters,and led students memorize the meaning of words and the use of related semantic meanings,help them reduce the negative transfer of Chinese characters,then give play to the advantages of ＂Internet＋＂and develop Chinese character intelligent systems or smart APP.