“五柳先生”人物原型及精神风致之渊源探论

A Study of the Archetype and the Spiritual Source of “Master Wuliu”

陶渊明《五柳先生传》中所写的"五柳先生"以汉代扬雄作为人物原型,在行为方式、读书方式、价值取向等方面,两者均体现出惊人的一致。陶渊明作品中也常以扬雄自况,体现出对扬雄的仰慕。同时,以"柳"代"杨",也有杨柳相连互称的暗示。另外,五柳先生安贫乐道的形象还受到陶渊明时代崇尚隐逸风尚与林下风致的影响,前者以魏晋时期的荣启期崇尚为代表,后者则直接是竹林七贤—尤其是嵇康精神风致的影响。

In A Biography of Master Wuliu written by Tao Yuanming, the archetype of “Master Wuliu” is Yang Xiong of the Han Dynasty, and the two fgures highly resemble in terms of behavior, scholarship and values. Tao Yuanming often compared himself to Yang Xiong in his other works, and showed great admiration of Yang Xiong. Moreover, the substitution of “Yang （a homophone of poplar）” with “Liu （a homophone of willow）” is also an allusion that Yang （poplar） and Liu （willow） are correlated and addressed together. In addition, Master Wuliu’s image of being contented in poverty and devoted to spiritual life is infuenced by the the hermit style and freeland style worshiped during the lifetime of Tao Yuanming. The hermit style is represented by the worship during the early prosperous periods of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, while the freeland style is directed infuenced by spirituality of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove, particularly the one of Ji Kang.