2004-2017年内蒙古流行性腮腺炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological analysis of mumps in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 2004-2017

目的 分析2004-2017年内蒙古自治区（简称“内蒙古”）流行性腮腺炎（简称“流腮”）流行病学特征.方法 通过中国疾病预防控制信息系统收集内蒙古2004-2017年流腮病例的个案资料及暴发疫情资料,描述其时间、空间和人群（年龄、性别、职业）的分布特征,采用x2检验比较不同特征间年均发病率的差异.结果 2004-2017年,内蒙古累计报告流腮病例49431例,年平均发病率为14.43/10万,各年发病率差异有统计学意义（x2=25 562.59,P＜0.01）,其中2012年最高（44.12/10万）,2004年最低（2.59/10万）,病例随时间呈双峰分布,第1个高峰在4月至7月（占总病例数的47.29％）,第2个高峰在11月至次年1月（占总病例数的29.90％）;各盟市间发病率差异有统计学意义（x2 =6 391.02,P＜0.01）,呼伦贝尔市最高（21.88/10万）,乌兰察布市最低（4.67/10万）;各年龄组间差异也有统计学意义（x2 =179 958.01,P＜0.01）,其中5～9岁组最高（91.87/10万）,≥25岁组最低（1.17/10万）;男性发病率（16.87/10万）高于女性（11.89/10万）（x2=1 466.13,P＜0.01）.共报告流腮暴发疫情42起,均发生在学校,其中小学暴发疫情29起（69.05％）.结论 发病高峰期与学生在校时间吻合,5～9岁男生高发,提示学校和托幼机构为流腮发生的重要场所.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2017,so as to provide a reference for further prevention and control of mumps.Methods The data and outbreak information of mumps reported in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2017 were collected through National Notifiable Disease Reporting System and Emergency Public Reporting System.Temporal,spatial and population （age,gender,occupation） distributions were analyzed.The chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the average annual incidences among different characteristics.Results A total of 49 431 mumps cases were reported in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2004 to 2017,and the average annual incidence was 14.43/100 000.The differences of annual morbidity were statistically significant （x2=25 562.59,P＜0.01） with the highest incidence （44.12/100 000） in 2012 and the lowest （2.59/100 000） in 2004.Two seasonal peaks occurred regularly in years,one from April to July in the first year （47.29％ of all cases）,and the other was from November to next January （29.90％ of all cases）.There was a statistically significant difference in morbidity among cities （x2=6 391.02,P＜0.01）,with the highest average annual incidence in Hulun Buir （21.88/100 000） and the lowest in Ulanqab （4.67/100 000）.The difference among age groups was also statistical significance （x2=179 958.01,P＜0.01）,and the highest incidence was 91.87/100 000 in the 5-9 years old group and the lowest was 1.17/100 000 in the 25 years old group.The incidence of mumps was higher in male （16.87/100 000） than that in the female （11.89/100 000） （x2=1 466.13,P＜0.01）.Forty-two outbreaks of mumps in schools were reported from 2004 to 2017,29 were in primary schools which accounted for 69.05％.Conclusions The peak period of the disease coincided with the school time.The high incidence of male students aged 5 to 9 years old suggested that primary schools and kindergartens were high risk sites of mumps.