2013-2016年安徽省居民恶性肿瘤死亡特征及减寿分析

Mortality of malignant tumor and related life loss in residents in Anhui,2013–2016

目的分析安徽省居民恶性肿瘤死亡及所致的潜在寿命损失特征。方法运用漏报校正后的死亡率、标化死亡率、潜在减寿年数、标化潜在减寿年数等指标,从性别、城乡、片区、年龄角度进行描述。结果安徽省人口呈老年型,2013—2016年人口老龄化程度在加重,恶性肿瘤死亡率逐年上升(χ2=55.868,P=0.001),死亡率高于全国水平。年均死亡率为170.02/10万,标化率为117.46/10万。恶性肿瘤死亡率男性(224.89/10万)高于女性(114.30/10万)(U=104.031,P=0.001),城市(169.74/10万)和农村(168.66/10万)差异无统计学意义(U=1.018,P=0.309),淮北、江淮和江南地区恶性肿瘤死亡率分别为151.05/10万、191.07/10万和176.07/10万,存在地域间差异(χ2=1 165.196,P=0.001),标化后江淮>淮北>江南。恶性肿瘤潜在减寿年数逐年升高,年均潜在减寿年数为161 009.10人年,标化潜在减寿年数为144 399.80人年,减寿率为10.73‰,早死指数为6.31年/人。恶性肿瘤死亡以60岁以上人群为主,死亡率在45岁后明显上升;潜在减寿年数以30~60岁之间的人群为主。肺癌、胃癌、肝癌、食道癌和肠癌位居恶性肿瘤死亡前5位,减寿前5位的依次是肝癌、肺癌、胃癌、白血病和肠癌。结论安徽省未来将会面临更大恶性肿瘤疾病负担。肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、白血病和肠癌是影响安徽省居民健康的主要恶性肿瘤。肿瘤防治工作除了要关注重点地区和重点人群外,还应注力于危险因素防控,加强健康教育,全面推进全民健康生活方式行动,真正建立多部门协作的综合防治机制。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of death and potential life loss caused by malignant tumors in Anhui province. Methods By using the following indexes： mortality rate（MR）, standardized mortality rate（SMR）, potential years of life lost（PYLL）, potential years of life lost rate（PYLLR） and average years of life lost（AYLL）, this paper summarizes the age, gender and area specific demographic characteristics, the malignant tumor mortality characteristics and related life loss in residents in Anhui province during 2013–2016. The data was been adjusted by the results of under-reporting investigation.Results The ageing of population became more serious in Anhui during 2013–2016. The MR of malignant tumor increased year by year（χ2=55.868, P=0.001）. The MR was higher than the national level, but it was normal. The annual average MR was 170.02/100 000, the SMR was 117.46/100 000. The MR in males（224.89/100 000） was higher than that in females（114.30/100 000）（U=104.031, P=0.001）. The difference in MR of malignant tumor between urban area（169.74/100 000）and rural area（168.66/100 000） had no significance（U=1.018, P=0.309）. The MRs of Huaibei, Jianghuai and Jiangnan were151.05/100 000, 191.07/100 000 and 176.07/100 000 respectively, there was statistical difference（χ2=1 165.196, P=0.001）.The SMR in Jianghuai was highest, followed by that in Huaibei and in Jiangnan. The PYLL caused by malignant tumor also increased year by year, the average annual PYLL was 161 009.10 person years, the standardized PYLL was 144 399.80 person years, the PYLLR was 10.73‰ and the AYLL was 6.31 year/person. Most malignant tumor deaths occurred in people aged ≥60 years. The MR increased significantly after the age of 45 years. The PYLL was high in age group 30-60 years. The top five death causes of malignant tumor were lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer and colorectal cancer, and the top five causes resulting high PYLL were liver cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, leukemia and colorectal cancer.Conclusion Anhui would face a heavy burden of malignant tumor in the future. Lung cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer,esophageal cancer, leukaemia and colorectal cancer are the main malignant tumors which affect people＇s health in Anhui. In addition to focusing on key areas and key populations, we should also focus on the prevention and control of risk factors,strengthen health education, fully promote healthy lifestyle, and establish a multi-sectoral prevention and treatment mechanism.