从能指到意指:文本研究新探

From the Signifier to the Signified——A New Discussion of Text Study

自文化转向后,文本研究仿佛成了明日黄花,但对文本外部因素的研究又不可避免地滋生出文学主体性丧失的焦虑。意指作为一个语言学概念,在后结构主义的浪潮中已经被淹没了,笔者在阅读诸多大家著作时,发现意指还隐身其中,在互文性相关理论中表现尤甚,它从文本关系出发结合社会因素和心理因素来探讨文本之间的关系,实则是对意指过程的一种表象的阐释。在此基础上,本文从作为符号的文本、文本的背景化和社会性、焦虑和出路来探讨文本关系中意指过程构建的基础、影响的因素,意在彰显文化研究的大潮中潜在的文本研究。

Ever since the cultural turn, the study of text has been out of fashion. But the numerous researches into the external elements have inevitably given birth to the anxiety of losing subjectivity of literature. Signifying, being a linguistic notion, has faded against the poststmctural wave. Having browsed many works in this regard, the writer, however, finds out that signifying booms underneath this wave, especially in the discussion ofintertextuality which explores the textual relationship through integrating the social and psychological elements. This is an illustration of the signifying process to a large degree. In this way, this paper discusses the basis of constructing a signifying process as well as the effects cast on the construction on the following three levels, text as a sign, text being backgrounding and socialized, and anxiety as well as outlet, all in the hope of highlighting the text study lurking in the wave of cultural turn.