麦克尤恩《坚果壳》中的“非自然叙述者”及其伦理内涵

The "Unnatural Narrator" and Its Ethical Implications of Ian McEwan's Nutshell

伊恩·麦克尤恩新作《坚果壳》是一部由一个还在母亲子宫内的胎儿讲述的故事,情节上戏仿莎士比亚悲剧《哈姆雷特》的谋杀小说。在非自然叙事和文学伦理学批评等相关理论的观照下,通过文本细读,本文从不可能世界、叙事话语和人性伦理等三个层面解读该小说中的"胎儿"这一非自然叙述者并揭示非自然叙事形式背后隐匿的伦理内涵。研究表明,小说采用反常规叙事手法不仅为读者带来审美的愉悦感,同时也起到深化小说人性丑恶主题的作用,从而诠释了麦克尤恩旨在运用胎儿叙述者更自由地书写人性阴暗面的创作意图。

Narrated by a fetus in its mother＇ s womb, Ian McEwan＇ s latest novel Nutshell is a murder novel whose plots parody Shakespeare＇s Hamlet. By applying relevant theories of unnatural narrative and ethical literary criticism, this paper attempts to analyze the unnatural narrator from the three aspects of impossible world, narrative discourse and ethics of human nature so as to explore ethical implications which hide behind the unnatural narrative form. This paper attempts to find out that the unnatural narrative employed in the novel not only brings aesthetic pleasure to readers but also deepens the theme of the darkness of human nature so that it can reveal that McEwan aims to explore the darkness of human nature more freely by employing fetus as the narrator.